Ppc Wait Mode

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How to enter wait mode

WE bit in MSR register enables WAIT mode. You can find more information with following resources.

 "2.10 Power Management" summarilze wait mode on PPC familly
  • P352 on 440GP User's Manual


Figure 10-1. Machine State Register (MSR)

      13 WE Wait State Enable 
          0 The processor is not in the wait state. 
          1 The processor is in the wait state. If MSR[WE] = 1,
             the processor remains in the wait state until an interrupt is taken, 
             a reset occurs, or an external debug tool clears WE. 


PM on PPC 4xx

PPC 4xx core has three PM state, "Active", "Standby" and "Sleep".

- "Stanby" stands for "pipeline is stopped, however clock is active".
  It means noraml(light) WAIT mode.
- "Sleep" stands for "clock is stopped". It means deeper WAIT mode.

PPC Core FAQ (Ref: PPC440, PPC405) on IBM webiste says;

Q_20: The documentation mentions three power states; active, standby and sleep. 
Nowhere in the documentation have I found any detail on how those states are 
managed and exactly what happens in the non-active states.
A_20: PowerPC 4XX CPU cores have several features that help conserve power:

        * First, the circuit implementation of the CPU cores automatically does 
          clock gating to registers and latches when they are not being selected.
        * The CPU cores provide for program accessible means of stopping most 
          activity by halting the execution pipeline.
        * Chip-top logic can be used to inactivate the clock enable inputs to
          the CPU or turn off the clocks external to the CPU core.
        * Chip-top logic can also be used to reduce the frequency of the clocks 
          so that the CPU can continue to operate at a reduced capacity

The power states are defined as:

        * Active: the normal operating mode where the CPU is executing instructions
        * Standby: CPU clocks are active; the execution pipeline is stopped; an 
          interrupt will start execution.
        * Sleep: CPU clocks are inactive or gated off; CPU can not be restarted via 
          software mechanism or interrupt. This must be done by chip-top logic 
          external to the CPU core


How to enter "Sleep" state on PPC440

- Condtion where CPU enters "Sleep" state
This core sleep request signal is sent to a CPM unit to indicate that the 
core is requesting to be put into a sleep mode. This signal is asserted by 
the processor when the CPU is in the wait state, (i.e. MSR[WE] is set
and no incomplete instructions are in progress, including APU 
instructions), the caches are idle (no fill or flush
operations are in progress or pending), and the trace FIFO is empty. 


- Condtion where CPU leave "Sleep" stete
Asserting following signal lines which are came from CPU core and are connected to 
CPM(Clock and  Power managment Module), enter CPU "Sleep" state. So to leave from
the state, those signals would be 
de-asserted.

        C440_cpmDECIrptReq              Decrementer
        C440 _cpmFITIrptReq             Fixed interval timer
        C440_cpmWDIrptReq               WatchDog Output
        C440_cpmTimerResetReq           2nd reset from WatchDog
        C440_cpmMsrEE                   External Interrupt.

In short, CPU timers can be used to leave "Sleep" state.


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