[[category:ECE597]]

==Project Overview==
The goal of this project is to use the beagle board to run image recognition on a camera feed located inside a car, and then signaling to the driver via a pico projector various objects of interest.

==Team Members==
[[user:routhcr | Chris Routh]]

[[user:collinjc | J. Cody Collins]]

[[user:jacksogc | Greg Jackson]]

[[user:Xinkeqiong | Keqiong Xin]]

==Steps==
* Create Minimal Linux Image that can run OpenCV and run the display
* Determine hardware needed for the project
* Work on getting a camera functioning on the beagle board
* OpenCV running nativly on beagle with min config
* OpenCV working on video stream
* Projector working on Beagle
* Car integration (power)
* Algorithm development

==Installing OpenCV (Development Machine)==
This is a script that will install OpenCV on a debian-based development machine. The script will add the debian testing repositories and install OpenCV and its dependencies. The repositories are then removed to avoid conflicts with existing packages during regular updates.

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

echo "deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ testing main" > /tmp/opencv-temp.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ testing main" >> /tmp/opencv-temp.list
sudo mv /tmp/opencv-temp.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opencv-temp.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y --allow-unauthenticated libcv4 libcv-dev libhighgui4 libhighgui-dev libcvaux4 libcvaux-dev

sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opencv-temp.list

sudo apt-get update
</pre>

==Installing OpenCV on the Beagle==

Probably the easiest place to start is by using [http://www.angstrom-distribution.org/narcissus/ narcissus]. Choose beagleboard as the machine type and unstable for the release. In order for highgui to work (necessary for camera capture unless you are using GStreamer), you must build an image with X11 support. Therefore, choose X11 for the user environment. The choice for the X11 desktop environment is not critical, but it would be wise to choose something fairly lightweight, such as Enlightenment. It took several hours for Gnome to configure upon first boot. Once the filesystem has been extracted to a properly formatted SD card with an appropriate kernel on the boot partition (we tested this using 2.6.29), you should be able to boot. Upon boot, you will need to run opkg update. After this, you will need to run opkg install with the following packages:

* gcc
* gcc-dev
* binutils
* binutils-dev
* opencv
* opencv-dev
* g++

You should now be able to compile using:
<pre>
g++ signdetect.cpp -o signdetect -I /usr/include/opencv/ -L /usr/lib -lm -lcv -lhighgui -lcvaux
</pre>

==OpenCV Haar Training==
=== Gather Samples ===
Due to the large volume of sample data needed to create a effective Haar Cascade (about 1000 positive images) it is easier to gather video of a positive target and then break apart the video frame by frame and use the results as images. There are 2 two types of images, good and background. Both types of images are important in order for the cascade to be trained accurately.

=== Create Index File ===
There are two index files needing to be created in order for the system to train on the images, a background index file creating a list of filelocations, and a positive index file containing the positive file locations, the number of objects in the picture and the rectangular locations for the object.
==== Creating the Negative Index File ====
Use the following automated script from within the background images folder:
<pre>
#!/bin/bash

find ./*.jpg -maxdepth 2 -print > background.idx
find ./*.png -maxdepth 2 -print >> background.idx
find ./*.bmp -maxdepth 2 -print >> background.idx
find ./*.jpeg -maxdepth 2 -print >> background.idx
</pre>
==== Creating the Positive Index File ====
Use the following source code to create a training program that allows the user to click on the upper left and lower right of a object to select it and then press a key to return.
<pre>
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Calibrate.cpp
// Date: 4/20/10
// Author: Christopher Routh
// This program brings up the necessary images and allows the user to
// select correct training spots for objects and generates a index file.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

static CvSize imageSize;
static CvPoint old_click_pt;
static CvPoint new_click_pt;
static std::vector<CvPoint> pointsClicked;

/*function... might want it in some class?*/
int getdir (std::string dir, std::vector<string> &files)
{
DIR *dp;
struct dirent *dirp;
if((dp = opendir(dir.c_str())) == NULL) {
std::cout << "Error(" << errno << ") opening " << dir << std::endl;
return errno;
}

while ((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
files.push_back(string(dirp->d_name));
}
closedir(dp);
files.erase(files.begin(), files.begin()+2);
return 0;
}

// handle mouse clicks here
void mouse_callback(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* obj)
{
if (event == CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
{
cout << "(x,y) = (" << x << "," << y << ")" << endl;

// reset old_click_pt
old_click_pt.x = new_click_pt.x;
old_click_pt.y = new_click_pt.y;

// get new click point -- note the coordinate change in y
new_click_pt.x = x; // coming in from the window system
new_click_pt.y = imageSize.height-y; // window system and images have different y axes
pointsClicked.push_back(cvPoint(new_click_pt.x, new_click_pt.y));
}
}

int getCorrectObjectLocation(string file, vector<CvRect> &results)
{
IplImage* img = 0;
// load an image
cout << "Trying to load: " << file << endl;
img=cvLoadImage((file.insert(0, "./good/").c_str()));
if(!img){
printf("Could not load image file: %s\n",(file.insert(0, "./good/").c_str()));
exit(0);
}

// get the image data
int height = img->height;
int width = img->width;
int step = img->widthStep;
int channels = img->nChannels;
uchar* data = (uchar *)img->imageData;
printf("Processing a %dx%d image with %d channels\n",height,width,channels);

// create a window
cvNamedWindow("mainWin", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

// show the image
cvShowImage("mainWin", img );

cvSetMouseCallback( "mainWin", mouse_callback );
// wait for a key
cvWaitKey(0);

int properClicks = pointsClicked.size() % 2;
if(properClicks != 0 || pointsClicked.size() == 0){

cout << "Improper Number of Points Clicked: " << pointsClicked.size() << " Selected" << endl;
return -1;

}else{

//Process new rectangles

for(unsigned int i = 0; i < pointsClicked.size(); i++){
cout << "Recieved Points X: " << pointsClicked.at(i).x << " Y: " << pointsClicked.at(i).y << endl;
}

for(unsigned int i = 0; i < pointsClicked.size(); i=i+2){
CvPoint topLeft = pointsClicked.at(i);
CvPoint bottomRight = pointsClicked.at(i+1);
results.push_back( cvRect(topLeft.x,abs(topLeft.y), (bottomRight.x - topLeft.x), abs((topLeft.y - bottomRight.y)) ) );
cout << "Rectangle Created --- X: " << topLeft.x << " Y: " << abs(topLeft.y) << " Width: " << (bottomRight.x - topLeft.x) << " Height: " << abs((topLeft.y - bottomRight.y)) << endl;
}

pointsClicked.clear();

}

// release the image
cvReleaseImage(&img );

return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
IplImage* img = 0;
int height,width,step,channels;
uchar *data;
int i,j,k;

string dir = string("./good/");
vector<string> files = vector<string>();
getdir(dir,files);
vector<CvRect> objectRects = vector<CvRect>();

ofstream vecFile;
vecFile.open ("./good/signs.idx");

for (unsigned int i = 0;i < files.size();i++) {
int success = getCorrectObjectLocation(files.at(i), objectRects);
if(success != 0){
i--;
pointsClicked.clear();
}else{

vecFile << "good/" << files.at(i) << " " << objectRects.size();

for(int j = 0; j < objectRects.size(); j++)
{
vecFile << " " << objectRects.at(j).x << " " << objectRects.at(j).y << " " << objectRects.at(j).width << " " << objectRects.at(j).height;
}

vecFile << endl;
objectRects.clear();

}
}

//Close the Vector File
vecFile.close();

cout << endl << endl << "****** INDEX FILE CREATED ******";
return 0;
}
</pre>

Also, there is another way to crop the positive samples from sample set. Using images clipper tools can help to crop the positive samples directly from the image sets. And the find command and identify command (from ImageMagick) will find and gather images' information like width and height.

<pre>
$ find <dir> -name '*.<ext>' -exec identify -format '%i 1 0 0 %w %h' \{\} \; > <description_file>
</pre>

=== Generate Samples ===
Using the positive samples the creasamples cammand can apply transforms to the images and add them to the background images creating a wider range of images to train on. The syntax for this command is:
<pre>
Usage: ./createsamples
[-info <description_file_name>]
[-img <image_file_name>]
[-vec <vec_file_name>]
[-bg <background_file_name>]
[-num <number_of_samples = 1000>]
[-bgcolor <background_color = 0>]
[-inv] [-randinv] [-bgthresh <background_color_threshold = 80>]
[-maxidev <max_intensity_deviation = 40>]
[-maxxangle <max_x_rotation_angle = 1.100000>]
[-maxyangle <max_y_rotation_angle = 1.100000>]
[-maxzangle <max_z_rotation_angle = 0.500000>]
[-show [<scale = 4.000000>]]
[-w <sample_width = 24>]
[-h <sample_height = 24>]
</pre>

There are two way to achieve it. The first and simple one is to generate the samples from one positive image. With background images, rotating angle and insensitivity deviation setup, the positive samples can be generated quickly by computer. However, comparing with gathering samples from tons of real images, the accuracy for this sample set will be low.

The example command is as below.
<pre>
$ opencv-createsamples -img stopSign.jpeg -num 1000 -bg background.idx -vec signs.vec -maxxangle 0.6 -maxyangle 1.1 -maxzangle 0.6
-maxidev 100 -bgcolor 0 -bgthresh 0 -w 40 -h 40
</pre>

The second one is to create samples from multiple images which either selected or cropped from the method described above. This is the method we used for training stop signs. Because unlike using one standard positive image, the multiple positive samples are much more accurate, comparing with color intensity and image distortion. Using the good images' description file, the command is like below:
<pre>
$ opencv-createsamples -info signs.idx -vec signs.vec -w 40 -h 40
</pre>

=== Run Haar Training Program ===
The utility of Haar training is as below:
<pre>
Usage: ./haartraining
-data <dir_name>
-vec <vec_file_name>
-bg <background_file_name>
[-npos <number_of_positive_samples = 2000>]
[-nneg <number_of_negative_samples = 2000>]
[-nstages <number_of_stages = 14>]
[-nsplits <number_of_splits = 1>]
[-mem <memory_in_MB = 200>]
[-sym (default)] [-nonsym]
[-minhitrate <min_hit_rate = 0.995000>]
[-maxfalsealarm <max_false_alarm_rate = 0.500000>]
[-weighttrimming <weight_trimming = 0.950000>]
[-eqw]
[-mode <BASIC (default) | CORE | ALL>]
[-w <sample_width = 24>]
[-h <sample_height = 24>]
[-bt <DAB | RAB | LB | GAB (default)>]
[-err <misclass (default) | gini | entropy>]
[-maxtreesplits <max_number_of_splits_in_tree_cascade = 0>]
[-minpos <min_number_of_positive_samples_per_cluster = 500>]
</pre>

Commands differ based upon application and intended sample size, the command my group used was:
<pre>
opencv-haartraining -data signs_drivedata_rev1 -vec signs.vec -bg background.idx -nstages 20 -nsplits 2 -minhitrate 0.995
-maxfalsealarm .5 -npos 730 -nneg 835 -w 40 -h 40 -nonsym -mem 2048 -mode ALL
</pre>

==Display Buffer Mapping==
In order to get access to the display buffer on the beagle, you will need to run the following in U-Boot
<pre>
setenv bootargs console=ttyS2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait omapfb.mode=1024x768MR-16@60 omapfb.debug=y omapdss.def_disp=dvi omapfb.vram=0:10M,1:10M vram=20M
</pre>

Other sources have mentioned setting a value for mmcargs. However, we were not able to get it to work properly until the options were applied '''directly''' to the bootargs variable.

==Pico Projector Integration==
As of revision C4 of the Beagleboard there is no necessary configuration needed to display native resolution on the projector.

==Future Directions==
===GStreamer on the DSP===
There is a package available for the beagle called gst-dsp, which is a native GStreamer plug-in to give it access to the DSP. Along with gst-opamfb and the dsp-bridge driver, this should allow us to access the DSP directly and output video directly to the framebuffer. OpenCV can interact with GStreamer, so this appears to be a very promising direction for the project. See [http://felipec.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/new-project-gst-dsp-with-beagleboard-demo-image/ this article] for more information and a demonstration. That article also has a link to a minimal beagle image that provides a native framebuffer video player without requiring X.

ECE597 Project Auto HUD

2010-05-21T05:39:56Z

2010-04-02T01:36:45Z

Xinkeqiong: Created page with '== Chapter 2 == {| ! Number ! Page ! Caption ! Listing |- | 2-1 | 2-6 | Initial Bootloader Serial Output | <pre> Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Feb 19 2009 - 12:01:24) Readin…'

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-04-02T01:35:55Z

Xinkeqiong: /* Chapter 2 */

Hi, My name is Keqiong "Claire" Xin. I'm now pursuing the Master Degree of Computer Engineering in Rose-Hulman. This is my user page for course ECE597 Embedded Linux.

* [[ECE597 Listings for Chapter 2 | Listings for Chapter 2 ]]

== Chapter 2 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 2-1
| 2-6
| Initial Bootloader Serial Output
| <pre>
Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Feb 19 2009 - 12:01:24)
Reading boot sector
Loading u-boot.bin from mmc

U-Boot 2009.11-rc1 (Jan 08 2010 - 21:19:52)

OMAP3530-GP ES3.1, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz
OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
I2C: ready
DRAM: 256 MB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Board revision C4
Die ID #5444000400000000040365fa1400e007
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
</pre>
|-
| 2-2
| 2-7
| Loading the Linux Kernel
|
|-
| 2-3
| 2-9
| Linux Final Boot Messages
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 2-4
| 2-21
| Hello World, Embedded Style
| <pre>
#include <stdio.h>

int bss_var; /* Uninitialized global variable */

int data_var = 1; /* Initialized global variable */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *stack_var; /* Local variable on the stack */

stack_var = (void *)main; /* Don't let the compiler */
/* optimize it out */

printf("Hello, World! Main is executing at %p\n", stack_var);
printf("This address (%p) is in our stack frame\n", &stack_var);

/* bss section contains uninitialized data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our bss section\n", &bss_var);

/* data section contains initializated data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our data section\n", &data_var);

return 0;
}
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Host Computer
| <pre>
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x80483c4
This address (0xbfc4b7e0) is in our stack frame
This address (0x804a020) is in our bss section
This address (0x804a014) is in our data section
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Beagle
| <pre>
root@beagleboard:~# ./a.out
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x8380
This address (0xbe876cd4) is in our stack frame
This address (0x10670) is in our bss section
This address (0x10668) is in our data section
</pre>
|}

== Chapter 4 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 4-1
| 4-7
| Kernel Build Output
| <pre>
$ export OETREE="${HOME}/oe"
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/staging/i686-linux/usr/bin/:${PATH}
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/cross/armv7a/bin/:${PATH}
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- uImage

scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/arm/Kconfig
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
CC kernel/bounds.s
GEN include/linux/bounds.h
CC arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
GEN include/asm/asm-offsets.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CC scripts/mod/empty.o
MKELF scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
HOSTCC scripts/mod/file2alias.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/modpost.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/sumversion.o
HOSTLD scripts/mod/modpost
CC init/main.o
.
. <lines of output omitted here>
.
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.29-omap1
Created: Wed Mar 24 01:01:33 2010
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2994372 Bytes = 2924.19 kB = 2.86 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point: 80008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
</pre>
|-
| 4-2
| 4-9
| Link Stage: vmlinux
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 4-3
| 4-15
| Kernel Subdirectory
| <pre>
$ ls -ls arch/arm/plat-omap/ | grep -v \\.o
arch/arm/plat-omap:
total 764
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8100 Mar 19 19:48 Kconfig
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 824 Mar 15 02:52 Makefile
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2404 Mar 11 07:46 bootreason.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 15334 Mar 11 07:46 clock.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8210 Mar 11 07:46 common.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1593 Mar 11 07:46 component-version.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 4053 Mar 11 07:46 cpu-omap.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1975 Mar 11 07:46 debug-devices.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 7120 Mar 11 07:46 debug-leds.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9975 Mar 11 07:46 devices.c
60 -rwxr-xr-x 1 xink students 59827 Mar 15 02:51 dma.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 20791 Mar 11 07:46 dmtimer.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9675 Mar 15 02:51 fb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12815 Mar 11 07:46 gpio-switch.c
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 47671 Mar 11 07:46 gpio.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 5841 Mar 11 07:46 i2c.c
0 drwxr-xr-x 3 xink students 72 Mar 11 07:46 include
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 3749 Mar 11 07:46 io.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19782 Mar 15 02:52 iommu.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 17214 Mar 15 03:17 iommu.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1924 Mar 15 03:16 iommu.mod.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2152 Mar 15 02:52 iopgtable.h
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19139 Mar 15 02:52 iovmm.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 14686 Mar 15 03:17 iovmm.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1764 Mar 15 03:16 iovmm.mod.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12069 Mar 11 07:46 mailbox.c
28 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 26560 Mar 11 07:46 mcbsp.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2109 Mar 11 07:46 mux.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2739 Mar 11 07:46 ocpi.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 10915 Mar 11 07:46 sram.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 18290 Mar 11 07:46 usb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 13911 Mar 15 02:51 vram.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 6426 Mar 15 02:51 vrfb.c
</pre>
|-
| 4-4
| 4-17
| Snippet from Linux 2.6 .config
| <pre>
...
#
# USB Input Devices
#
CONFIG_USB_HID=y
# CONFIG_HID_PID is not set
# CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV is not set

#
# Special HID drivers
#
CONFIG_HID_COMPAT=y
CONFIG_HID_A4TECH=y
CONFIG_HID_APPLE=y
CONFIG_HID_BELKIN=y
CONFIG_HID_CHERRY=y
CONFIG_HID_CHICONY=y
CONFIG_HID_CYPRESS=y
CONFIG_HID_EZKEY=y
CONFIG_HID_GYRATION=y
CONFIG_HID_LOGITECH=y
# CONFIG_LOGITECH_FF is not set
# CONFIG_LOGIRUMBLEPAD2_FF is not set
CONFIG_HID_MICROSOFT=y
CONFIG_HID_MONTEREY=y
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-5
| 4-21
| Linux autoconf.h
| <pre>
#define CONFIG_USB_SISUSBVGA_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_PHIDGETMOTORCONTROL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_LEGOTOWER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_IR_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GSPCA_T613_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_TI_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ETH_RNDIS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_W9968CF_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_RTL8150 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_WHITEHEAT_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GADGET_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_KAWETH 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ZERO_HNPTEST 1
#define CONFIG_USB_CXACRU_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_ARK3116_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_G_PRINTER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_NET_PLUSB 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GPIO_VBUS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TT_NEWSCHED 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ACM_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ARCH_HAS_EHCI 1
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-6
| 4-22
| Makefile Targets
| <pre>
$ make help
Cleaning targets:
clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

Configuration targets:
config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly
randconfig - New config with random answer to all options
defconfig - New config with default answer to all options
allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible
allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes
allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no

Other generic targets:
all - Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel
* modules - Build all modules
modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ - Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only
dir/file.ko - Build module including final link
prepare - Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors
cscope - Generate cscope index
kernelrelease - Output the release version string
kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile
headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: /home/users/collinjc/oe/angstrom-dev-backup2/work/beagleboard-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/linux-omap-2.6.29-r46/git/usr)

Static analysers
checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files
export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg - Build the kernel as an deb package
tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs - HTML
installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs
mandocs - man pages
pdfdocs - PDF
psdocs - Postscript
xmldocs - XML DocBook

Architecture specific targets (arm):
* zImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/zImage)
Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/Image)
* xipImage - XIP kernel image, if configured (arch/arm/boot/xipImage)
uImage - U-Boot wrapped zImage
bootpImage - Combined zImage and initial RAM disk
(supply initrd image via make variable INITRD=<path>)
install - Install uncompressed kernel
zinstall - Install compressed kernel
Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

afeb9260_defconfig - Build for afeb9260
am200epdkit_defconfig - Build for am200epdkit
ams_delta_defconfig - Build for ams_delta
assabet_defconfig - Build for assabet
at91cap9adk_defconfig - Build for at91cap9adk
at91rm9200dk_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200dk
at91rm9200ek_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200ek
at91sam9260ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9260ek
at91sam9261ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9261ek
at91sam9263ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9263ek
at91sam9g20ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9g20ek
at91sam9rlek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9rlek
ateb9200_defconfig - Build for ateb9200
badge4_defconfig - Build for badge4
cam60_defconfig - Build for cam60
carmeva_defconfig - Build for carmeva
cerfcube_defconfig - Build for cerfcube
cm_x300_defconfig - Build for cm_x300
colibri_defconfig - Build for colibri
collie_defconfig - Build for collie
corgi_defconfig - Build for corgi
csb337_defconfig - Build for csb337
csb637_defconfig - Build for csb637
dss_omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for dss_omap3_beagle
dss_omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for dss_omap_3430sdp
dss_overo_defconfig - Build for dss_overo
ebsa110_defconfig - Build for ebsa110
ecbat91_defconfig - Build for ecbat91
edb7211_defconfig - Build for edb7211
ep93xx_defconfig - Build for ep93xx
eseries_pxa_defconfig - Build for eseries_pxa
ezx_defconfig - Build for ezx
footbridge_defconfig - Build for footbridge
fortunet_defconfig - Build for fortunet
h3600_defconfig - Build for h3600
h5000_defconfig - Build for h5000
h7201_defconfig - Build for h7201
h7202_defconfig - Build for h7202
hackkit_defconfig - Build for hackkit
imx27ads_defconfig - Build for imx27ads
integrator_defconfig - Build for integrator
iop13xx_defconfig - Build for iop13xx
iop32x_defconfig - Build for iop32x
iop33x_defconfig - Build for iop33x
ixp2000_defconfig - Build for ixp2000
ixp23xx_defconfig - Build for ixp23xx
ixp4xx_defconfig - Build for ixp4xx
jornada720_defconfig - Build for jornada720
kafa_defconfig - Build for kafa
kb9202_defconfig - Build for kb9202
kirkwood_defconfig - Build for kirkwood
ks8695_defconfig - Build for ks8695
lart_defconfig - Build for lart
littleton_defconfig - Build for littleton
loki_defconfig - Build for loki
lpd270_defconfig - Build for lpd270
lpd7a400_defconfig - Build for lpd7a400
lpd7a404_defconfig - Build for lpd7a404
lubbock_defconfig - Build for lubbock
lusl7200_defconfig - Build for lusl7200
magician_defconfig - Build for magician
mainstone_defconfig - Build for mainstone
msm_defconfig - Build for msm
mv78xx0_defconfig - Build for mv78xx0
mx1ads_defconfig - Build for mx1ads
mx31ads_defconfig - Build for mx31ads
mx31litekit_defconfig - Build for mx31litekit
mx31moboard_defconfig - Build for mx31moboard
mx31pdk_defconfig - Build for mx31pdk
n770_defconfig - Build for n770
n800_defconfig - Build for n800
neocore926_defconfig - Build for neocore926
neponset_defconfig - Build for neponset
netwinder_defconfig - Build for netwinder
netx_defconfig - Build for netx
ns9xxx_defconfig - Build for ns9xxx
omap2_evm_defconfig - Build for omap2_evm
omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for omap3_beagle
omap3_evm_defconfig - Build for omap3_evm
omap3_pandora_defconfig - Build for omap3_pandora
omap_2430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_2430sdp
omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_3430sdp
omap_apollon_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_apollon_2420
omap_generic_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1510
omap_generic_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1610
omap_generic_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1710
omap_generic_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_2420
omap_h2_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_h2_1610
omap_h3_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_h3_1710
omap_h4_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_h4_2420
omap_innovator_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1510
omap_innovator_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1610
omap_ldp_defconfig - Build for omap_ldp
omap_osk_5912_defconfig - Build for omap_osk_5912
omap_perseus2_730_defconfig - Build for omap_perseus2_730
onearm_defconfig - Build for onearm
orion5x_defconfig - Build for orion5x
overo_defconfig - Build for overo
palmte_defconfig - Build for palmte
palmtt_defconfig - Build for palmtt
palmz71_defconfig - Build for palmz71
palmz72_defconfig - Build for palmz72
pcm027_defconfig - Build for pcm027
pcm037_defconfig - Build for pcm037
pcm038_defconfig - Build for pcm038
picotux200_defconfig - Build for picotux200
pleb_defconfig - Build for pleb
pnx4008_defconfig - Build for pnx4008
pxa255-idp_defconfig - Build for pxa255-idp
qil-a9260_defconfig - Build for qil-a9260
realview-smp_defconfig - Build for realview-smp
realview_defconfig - Build for realview
rpc_defconfig - Build for rpc
rx51_defconfig - Build for rx51
s3c2410_defconfig - Build for s3c2410
s3c6400_defconfig - Build for s3c6400
sam9_l9260_defconfig - Build for sam9_l9260
shannon_defconfig - Build for shannon
shark_defconfig - Build for shark
simpad_defconfig - Build for simpad
spitz_defconfig - Build for spitz
sx1_defconfig - Build for sx1
tct_hammer_defconfig - Build for tct_hammer
trizeps4_defconfig - Build for trizeps4
usb-a9260_defconfig - Build for usb-a9260
usb-a9263_defconfig - Build for usb-a9263
versatile_defconfig - Build for versatile
viper_defconfig - Build for viper
w90p910_defconfig - Build for w90p910
xm_x2xx_defconfig - Build for xm_x2xx
yl9200_defconfig - Build for yl9200
zylonite_defconfig - Build for zylonite

make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
</pre>
|-
| 4-7
| 4-27
| Partial Listing of Kconfig for ARM Architecture
| <pre>
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-8
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/Kconfig
| <pre>
...
source "init/Kconfig"

source "kernel/Kconfig.freezer"

menu "System Type"

choice
prompt "ARM system type"
default ARCH_VERSATILE

config ARCH_AAEC2000
bool "Agilent AAEC-2000 based"
select CPU_ARM920T
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
help
This enables support for systems based on the Agilent AAEC-2000

config ARCH_INTEGRATOR
bool "ARM Ltd. Integrator family"
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
select COMMON_CLKDEV
select ICST525
help
Support for ARM's Integrator platform.

config ARCH_REALVIEW
bool "ARM Ltd. RealView family"
select ARM_AMBA
...
source "arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-omap1/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-omap2/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-orion5x/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-kirkwood/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/Kconfig"
source "arch/arm/plat-s3c64xx/Kconfig"
source "arch/arm/plat-s3c/Kconfig"
</pre>
|-
| 4-9
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig
| <pre>
if ARCH_OMAP

menu "TI OMAP Implementations"

config ARCH_OMAP_OTG
bool

choice
prompt "OMAP System Type"
default ARCH_OMAP1

config ARCH_OMAP1
bool "TI OMAP1"

config ARCH_OMAP2
bool "TI OMAP2"
select CPU_V6

config ARCH_OMAP3
bool "TI OMAP3"
select CPU_V7

endchoice
...
config OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH
bool "GPIO switch support"
default n
help
Say Y, if you want to have support for reporting of GPIO
switches (e.g. cover switches) via sysfs. Your bootloader has
to provide information about the switches to the kernel via the
ATAG_BOARD mechanism if they're not defined by the board config.
</pre>
|-
| 4-10
| 4-32
| Customized .config File Snippet
| <pre>
# OMAP Feature Selections
#
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_POWERDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_CLOCKDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_SMARTREFLEX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_RESET_CLOCKS=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_TAG=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH_2 is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_MUX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU=m
# CONFIG_OMAP_MPU_TIMER is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_32K_TIMER=y
CONFIG_OMAP_32K_TIMER_HZ=128
CONFIG_OMAP_TICK_GPTIMER=12
CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART1 is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART2 is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART3=y
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP34XX=y
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3430=y
</pre>
|-
| 4-11
| 4-33
| Makefile from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Makefile
| <pre>
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#

# Common support
obj-y := common.o sram.o clock.o devices.o dma.o mux.o gpio.o \
usb.o fb.o vram.o vrfb.o io.o
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=

# OCPI interconnect support for 1710, 1610 and 5912
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP16XX) += ocpi.o

obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP) += mcbsp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU) += iommu.o iovmm.o

obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) += cpu-omap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER) += dmtimer.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON) += bootreason.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION) += component-version.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH) += gpio-switch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_DEVICES) += debug-devices.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_LEDS) += debug-leds.o
i2c-omap-$(CONFIG_I2C_OMAP) := i2c.o
obj-y += $(i2c-omap-m) $(i2c-omap-y)

# OMAP mailbox framework
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK) += mailbox.o
</pre>
|}

== Chapter 5 ==

[[Category:ECE597]]

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-03-24T04:56:31Z

Xinkeqiong: /* Chapter 4 */

Hi, My name is Keqiong "Claire" Xin. I'm now pursuing the Master Degree of Computer Engineering in Rose-Hulman. This is my user page for course ECE597 Embedded Linux.

== Chapter 2 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 2-1
| 2-6
| Initial Bootloader Serial Output
| <pre>
Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Feb 19 2009 - 12:01:24)
Reading boot sector
Loading u-boot.bin from mmc

U-Boot 2009.11-rc1 (Jan 08 2010 - 21:19:52)

OMAP3530-GP ES3.1, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz
OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
I2C: ready
DRAM: 256 MB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Board revision C4
Die ID #5444000400000000040365fa1400e007
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
</pre>
|-
| 2-2
| 2-7
| Loading the Linux Kernel
|
|-
| 2-3
| 2-9
| Linux Final Boot Messages
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 2-4
| 2-21
| Hello World, Embedded Style
| <pre>
#include <stdio.h>

int bss_var; /* Uninitialized global variable */

int data_var = 1; /* Initialized global variable */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *stack_var; /* Local variable on the stack */

stack_var = (void *)main; /* Don't let the compiler */
/* optimize it out */

printf("Hello, World! Main is executing at %p\n", stack_var);
printf("This address (%p) is in our stack frame\n", &stack_var);

/* bss section contains uninitialized data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our bss section\n", &bss_var);

/* data section contains initializated data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our data section\n", &data_var);

return 0;
}
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Host Computer
| <pre>
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x80483c4
This address (0xbfc4b7e0) is in our stack frame
This address (0x804a020) is in our bss section
This address (0x804a014) is in our data section
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Beagle
| <pre>
root@beagleboard:~# ./a.out
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x8380
This address (0xbe876cd4) is in our stack frame
This address (0x10670) is in our bss section
This address (0x10668) is in our data section
</pre>
|}

== Chapter 4 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 4-1
| 4-7
| Kernel Build Output
| <pre>
$ export OETREE="${HOME}/oe"
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/staging/i686-linux/usr/bin/:${PATH}
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/cross/armv7a/bin/:${PATH}
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- uImage

scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/arm/Kconfig
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
CC kernel/bounds.s
GEN include/linux/bounds.h
CC arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
GEN include/asm/asm-offsets.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CC scripts/mod/empty.o
MKELF scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
HOSTCC scripts/mod/file2alias.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/modpost.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/sumversion.o
HOSTLD scripts/mod/modpost
CC init/main.o
.
. <lines of output omitted here>
.
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.29-omap1
Created: Wed Mar 24 01:01:33 2010
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2994372 Bytes = 2924.19 kB = 2.86 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point: 80008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
</pre>
|-
| 4-2
| 4-9
| Link Stage: vmlinux
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 4-3
| 4-15
| Kernel Subdirectory
| <pre>
$ ls -ls arch/arm/plat-omap/ | grep -v \\.o
arch/arm/plat-omap:
total 764
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8100 Mar 19 19:48 Kconfig
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 824 Mar 15 02:52 Makefile
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2404 Mar 11 07:46 bootreason.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 15334 Mar 11 07:46 clock.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8210 Mar 11 07:46 common.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1593 Mar 11 07:46 component-version.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 4053 Mar 11 07:46 cpu-omap.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1975 Mar 11 07:46 debug-devices.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 7120 Mar 11 07:46 debug-leds.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9975 Mar 11 07:46 devices.c
60 -rwxr-xr-x 1 xink students 59827 Mar 15 02:51 dma.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 20791 Mar 11 07:46 dmtimer.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9675 Mar 15 02:51 fb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12815 Mar 11 07:46 gpio-switch.c
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 47671 Mar 11 07:46 gpio.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 5841 Mar 11 07:46 i2c.c
0 drwxr-xr-x 3 xink students 72 Mar 11 07:46 include
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 3749 Mar 11 07:46 io.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19782 Mar 15 02:52 iommu.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 17214 Mar 15 03:17 iommu.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1924 Mar 15 03:16 iommu.mod.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2152 Mar 15 02:52 iopgtable.h
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19139 Mar 15 02:52 iovmm.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 14686 Mar 15 03:17 iovmm.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1764 Mar 15 03:16 iovmm.mod.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12069 Mar 11 07:46 mailbox.c
28 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 26560 Mar 11 07:46 mcbsp.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2109 Mar 11 07:46 mux.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2739 Mar 11 07:46 ocpi.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 10915 Mar 11 07:46 sram.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 18290 Mar 11 07:46 usb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 13911 Mar 15 02:51 vram.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 6426 Mar 15 02:51 vrfb.c
</pre>
|-
| 4-4
| 4-17
| Snippet from Linux 2.6 .config
| <pre>
...
#
# USB Input Devices
#
CONFIG_USB_HID=y
# CONFIG_HID_PID is not set
# CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV is not set

#
# Special HID drivers
#
CONFIG_HID_COMPAT=y
CONFIG_HID_A4TECH=y
CONFIG_HID_APPLE=y
CONFIG_HID_BELKIN=y
CONFIG_HID_CHERRY=y
CONFIG_HID_CHICONY=y
CONFIG_HID_CYPRESS=y
CONFIG_HID_EZKEY=y
CONFIG_HID_GYRATION=y
CONFIG_HID_LOGITECH=y
# CONFIG_LOGITECH_FF is not set
# CONFIG_LOGIRUMBLEPAD2_FF is not set
CONFIG_HID_MICROSOFT=y
CONFIG_HID_MONTEREY=y
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-5
| 4-21
| Linux autoconf.h
| <pre>
#define CONFIG_USB_SISUSBVGA_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_PHIDGETMOTORCONTROL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_LEGOTOWER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_IR_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GSPCA_T613_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_TI_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ETH_RNDIS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_W9968CF_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_RTL8150 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_WHITEHEAT_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GADGET_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_KAWETH 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ZERO_HNPTEST 1
#define CONFIG_USB_CXACRU_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_ARK3116_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_G_PRINTER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_NET_PLUSB 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GPIO_VBUS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TT_NEWSCHED 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ACM_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ARCH_HAS_EHCI 1
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-6
| 4-22
| Makefile Targets
| <pre>
$ make help
Cleaning targets:
clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

Configuration targets:
config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly
randconfig - New config with random answer to all options
defconfig - New config with default answer to all options
allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible
allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes
allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no

Other generic targets:
all - Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel
* modules - Build all modules
modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ - Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only
dir/file.ko - Build module including final link
prepare - Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors
cscope - Generate cscope index
kernelrelease - Output the release version string
kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile
headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: /home/users/collinjc/oe/angstrom-dev-backup2/work/beagleboard-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/linux-omap-2.6.29-r46/git/usr)

Static analysers
checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files
export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg - Build the kernel as an deb package
tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs - HTML
installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs
mandocs - man pages
pdfdocs - PDF
psdocs - Postscript
xmldocs - XML DocBook

Architecture specific targets (arm):
* zImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/zImage)
Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/Image)
* xipImage - XIP kernel image, if configured (arch/arm/boot/xipImage)
uImage - U-Boot wrapped zImage
bootpImage - Combined zImage and initial RAM disk
(supply initrd image via make variable INITRD=<path>)
install - Install uncompressed kernel
zinstall - Install compressed kernel
Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

afeb9260_defconfig - Build for afeb9260
am200epdkit_defconfig - Build for am200epdkit
ams_delta_defconfig - Build for ams_delta
assabet_defconfig - Build for assabet
at91cap9adk_defconfig - Build for at91cap9adk
at91rm9200dk_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200dk
at91rm9200ek_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200ek
at91sam9260ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9260ek
at91sam9261ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9261ek
at91sam9263ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9263ek
at91sam9g20ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9g20ek
at91sam9rlek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9rlek
ateb9200_defconfig - Build for ateb9200
badge4_defconfig - Build for badge4
cam60_defconfig - Build for cam60
carmeva_defconfig - Build for carmeva
cerfcube_defconfig - Build for cerfcube
cm_x300_defconfig - Build for cm_x300
colibri_defconfig - Build for colibri
collie_defconfig - Build for collie
corgi_defconfig - Build for corgi
csb337_defconfig - Build for csb337
csb637_defconfig - Build for csb637
dss_omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for dss_omap3_beagle
dss_omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for dss_omap_3430sdp
dss_overo_defconfig - Build for dss_overo
ebsa110_defconfig - Build for ebsa110
ecbat91_defconfig - Build for ecbat91
edb7211_defconfig - Build for edb7211
ep93xx_defconfig - Build for ep93xx
eseries_pxa_defconfig - Build for eseries_pxa
ezx_defconfig - Build for ezx
footbridge_defconfig - Build for footbridge
fortunet_defconfig - Build for fortunet
h3600_defconfig - Build for h3600
h5000_defconfig - Build for h5000
h7201_defconfig - Build for h7201
h7202_defconfig - Build for h7202
hackkit_defconfig - Build for hackkit
imx27ads_defconfig - Build for imx27ads
integrator_defconfig - Build for integrator
iop13xx_defconfig - Build for iop13xx
iop32x_defconfig - Build for iop32x
iop33x_defconfig - Build for iop33x
ixp2000_defconfig - Build for ixp2000
ixp23xx_defconfig - Build for ixp23xx
ixp4xx_defconfig - Build for ixp4xx
jornada720_defconfig - Build for jornada720
kafa_defconfig - Build for kafa
kb9202_defconfig - Build for kb9202
kirkwood_defconfig - Build for kirkwood
ks8695_defconfig - Build for ks8695
lart_defconfig - Build for lart
littleton_defconfig - Build for littleton
loki_defconfig - Build for loki
lpd270_defconfig - Build for lpd270
lpd7a400_defconfig - Build for lpd7a400
lpd7a404_defconfig - Build for lpd7a404
lubbock_defconfig - Build for lubbock
lusl7200_defconfig - Build for lusl7200
magician_defconfig - Build for magician
mainstone_defconfig - Build for mainstone
msm_defconfig - Build for msm
mv78xx0_defconfig - Build for mv78xx0
mx1ads_defconfig - Build for mx1ads
mx31ads_defconfig - Build for mx31ads
mx31litekit_defconfig - Build for mx31litekit
mx31moboard_defconfig - Build for mx31moboard
mx31pdk_defconfig - Build for mx31pdk
n770_defconfig - Build for n770
n800_defconfig - Build for n800
neocore926_defconfig - Build for neocore926
neponset_defconfig - Build for neponset
netwinder_defconfig - Build for netwinder
netx_defconfig - Build for netx
ns9xxx_defconfig - Build for ns9xxx
omap2_evm_defconfig - Build for omap2_evm
omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for omap3_beagle
omap3_evm_defconfig - Build for omap3_evm
omap3_pandora_defconfig - Build for omap3_pandora
omap_2430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_2430sdp
omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_3430sdp
omap_apollon_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_apollon_2420
omap_generic_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1510
omap_generic_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1610
omap_generic_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1710
omap_generic_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_2420
omap_h2_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_h2_1610
omap_h3_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_h3_1710
omap_h4_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_h4_2420
omap_innovator_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1510
omap_innovator_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1610
omap_ldp_defconfig - Build for omap_ldp
omap_osk_5912_defconfig - Build for omap_osk_5912
omap_perseus2_730_defconfig - Build for omap_perseus2_730
onearm_defconfig - Build for onearm
orion5x_defconfig - Build for orion5x
overo_defconfig - Build for overo
palmte_defconfig - Build for palmte
palmtt_defconfig - Build for palmtt
palmz71_defconfig - Build for palmz71
palmz72_defconfig - Build for palmz72
pcm027_defconfig - Build for pcm027
pcm037_defconfig - Build for pcm037
pcm038_defconfig - Build for pcm038
picotux200_defconfig - Build for picotux200
pleb_defconfig - Build for pleb
pnx4008_defconfig - Build for pnx4008
pxa255-idp_defconfig - Build for pxa255-idp
qil-a9260_defconfig - Build for qil-a9260
realview-smp_defconfig - Build for realview-smp
realview_defconfig - Build for realview
rpc_defconfig - Build for rpc
rx51_defconfig - Build for rx51
s3c2410_defconfig - Build for s3c2410
s3c6400_defconfig - Build for s3c6400
sam9_l9260_defconfig - Build for sam9_l9260
shannon_defconfig - Build for shannon
shark_defconfig - Build for shark
simpad_defconfig - Build for simpad
spitz_defconfig - Build for spitz
sx1_defconfig - Build for sx1
tct_hammer_defconfig - Build for tct_hammer
trizeps4_defconfig - Build for trizeps4
usb-a9260_defconfig - Build for usb-a9260
usb-a9263_defconfig - Build for usb-a9263
versatile_defconfig - Build for versatile
viper_defconfig - Build for viper
w90p910_defconfig - Build for w90p910
xm_x2xx_defconfig - Build for xm_x2xx
yl9200_defconfig - Build for yl9200
zylonite_defconfig - Build for zylonite

make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
</pre>
|-
| 4-7
| 4-27
| Partial Listing of Kconfig for ARM Architecture
| <pre>
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-8
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/Kconfig
| <pre>
...
source "init/Kconfig"

source "kernel/Kconfig.freezer"

menu "System Type"

choice
prompt "ARM system type"
default ARCH_VERSATILE

config ARCH_AAEC2000
bool "Agilent AAEC-2000 based"
select CPU_ARM920T
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
help
This enables support for systems based on the Agilent AAEC-2000

config ARCH_INTEGRATOR
bool "ARM Ltd. Integrator family"
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
select COMMON_CLKDEV
select ICST525
help
Support for ARM's Integrator platform.

config ARCH_REALVIEW
bool "ARM Ltd. RealView family"
select ARM_AMBA
...
source "arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-omap1/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-omap2/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-orion5x/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-kirkwood/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/Kconfig"
source "arch/arm/plat-s3c64xx/Kconfig"
source "arch/arm/plat-s3c/Kconfig"
</pre>
|-
| 4-9
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig
| <pre>
if ARCH_OMAP

menu "TI OMAP Implementations"

config ARCH_OMAP_OTG
bool

choice
prompt "OMAP System Type"
default ARCH_OMAP1

config ARCH_OMAP1
bool "TI OMAP1"

config ARCH_OMAP2
bool "TI OMAP2"
select CPU_V6

config ARCH_OMAP3
bool "TI OMAP3"
select CPU_V7

endchoice
...
config OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH
bool "GPIO switch support"
default n
help
Say Y, if you want to have support for reporting of GPIO
switches (e.g. cover switches) via sysfs. Your bootloader has
to provide information about the switches to the kernel via the
ATAG_BOARD mechanism if they're not defined by the board config.
</pre>
|-
| 4-10
| 4-32
| Customized .config File Snippet
| <pre>
# OMAP Feature Selections
#
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_POWERDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_CLOCKDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_SMARTREFLEX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_RESET_CLOCKS=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_TAG=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH_2 is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_MUX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU=m
# CONFIG_OMAP_MPU_TIMER is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_32K_TIMER=y
CONFIG_OMAP_32K_TIMER_HZ=128
CONFIG_OMAP_TICK_GPTIMER=12
CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART1 is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART2 is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART3=y
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP34XX=y
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3430=y
</pre>
|-
| 4-11
| 4-33
| Makefile from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Makefile
| <pre>
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#

# Common support
obj-y := common.o sram.o clock.o devices.o dma.o mux.o gpio.o \
usb.o fb.o vram.o vrfb.o io.o
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=

# OCPI interconnect support for 1710, 1610 and 5912
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP16XX) += ocpi.o

obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP) += mcbsp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU) += iommu.o iovmm.o

obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) += cpu-omap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER) += dmtimer.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON) += bootreason.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION) += component-version.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH) += gpio-switch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_DEVICES) += debug-devices.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_LEDS) += debug-leds.o
i2c-omap-$(CONFIG_I2C_OMAP) := i2c.o
obj-y += $(i2c-omap-m) $(i2c-omap-y)

# OMAP mailbox framework
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK) += mailbox.o
</pre>
|}

== Chapter 5 ==

[[Category:ECE597]]

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-03-24T04:54:53Z

Xinkeqiong: /* Chapter 4 */

Hi, My name is Keqiong "Claire" Xin. I'm now pursuing the Master Degree of Computer Engineering in Rose-Hulman. This is my user page for course ECE597 Embedded Linux.

== Chapter 2 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 2-1
| 2-6
| Initial Bootloader Serial Output
| <pre>
Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Feb 19 2009 - 12:01:24)
Reading boot sector
Loading u-boot.bin from mmc

U-Boot 2009.11-rc1 (Jan 08 2010 - 21:19:52)

OMAP3530-GP ES3.1, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz
OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
I2C: ready
DRAM: 256 MB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Board revision C4
Die ID #5444000400000000040365fa1400e007
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
</pre>
|-
| 2-2
| 2-7
| Loading the Linux Kernel
|
|-
| 2-3
| 2-9
| Linux Final Boot Messages
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 2-4
| 2-21
| Hello World, Embedded Style
| <pre>
#include <stdio.h>

int bss_var; /* Uninitialized global variable */

int data_var = 1; /* Initialized global variable */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *stack_var; /* Local variable on the stack */

stack_var = (void *)main; /* Don't let the compiler */
/* optimize it out */

printf("Hello, World! Main is executing at %p\n", stack_var);
printf("This address (%p) is in our stack frame\n", &stack_var);

/* bss section contains uninitialized data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our bss section\n", &bss_var);

/* data section contains initializated data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our data section\n", &data_var);

return 0;
}
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Host Computer
| <pre>
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x80483c4
This address (0xbfc4b7e0) is in our stack frame
This address (0x804a020) is in our bss section
This address (0x804a014) is in our data section
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Beagle
| <pre>
root@beagleboard:~# ./a.out
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x8380
This address (0xbe876cd4) is in our stack frame
This address (0x10670) is in our bss section
This address (0x10668) is in our data section
</pre>
|}

== Chapter 4 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 4-1
| 4-7
| Kernel Build Output
| <pre>
$ export OETREE="${HOME}/oe"
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/staging/i686-linux/usr/bin/:${PATH}
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/cross/armv7a/bin/:${PATH}
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- uImage

scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/arm/Kconfig
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
CC kernel/bounds.s
GEN include/linux/bounds.h
CC arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
GEN include/asm/asm-offsets.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CC scripts/mod/empty.o
MKELF scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
HOSTCC scripts/mod/file2alias.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/modpost.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/sumversion.o
HOSTLD scripts/mod/modpost
CC init/main.o
.
. <lines of output omitted here>
.
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.29-omap1
Created: Wed Mar 24 01:01:33 2010
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2994372 Bytes = 2924.19 kB = 2.86 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point: 80008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
</pre>
|-
| 4-2
| 4-9
| Link Stage: vmlinux
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 4-3
| 4-15
| Kernel Subdirectory
| <pre>
$ ls -ls arch/arm/plat-omap/ | grep -v \\.o
arch/arm/plat-omap:
total 764
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8100 Mar 19 19:48 Kconfig
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 824 Mar 15 02:52 Makefile
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2404 Mar 11 07:46 bootreason.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 15334 Mar 11 07:46 clock.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8210 Mar 11 07:46 common.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1593 Mar 11 07:46 component-version.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 4053 Mar 11 07:46 cpu-omap.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1975 Mar 11 07:46 debug-devices.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 7120 Mar 11 07:46 debug-leds.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9975 Mar 11 07:46 devices.c
60 -rwxr-xr-x 1 xink students 59827 Mar 15 02:51 dma.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 20791 Mar 11 07:46 dmtimer.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9675 Mar 15 02:51 fb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12815 Mar 11 07:46 gpio-switch.c
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 47671 Mar 11 07:46 gpio.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 5841 Mar 11 07:46 i2c.c
0 drwxr-xr-x 3 xink students 72 Mar 11 07:46 include
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 3749 Mar 11 07:46 io.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19782 Mar 15 02:52 iommu.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 17214 Mar 15 03:17 iommu.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1924 Mar 15 03:16 iommu.mod.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2152 Mar 15 02:52 iopgtable.h
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19139 Mar 15 02:52 iovmm.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 14686 Mar 15 03:17 iovmm.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1764 Mar 15 03:16 iovmm.mod.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12069 Mar 11 07:46 mailbox.c
28 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 26560 Mar 11 07:46 mcbsp.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2109 Mar 11 07:46 mux.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2739 Mar 11 07:46 ocpi.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 10915 Mar 11 07:46 sram.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 18290 Mar 11 07:46 usb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 13911 Mar 15 02:51 vram.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 6426 Mar 15 02:51 vrfb.c
</pre>
|-
| 4-4
| 4-17
| Snippet from Linux 2.6 .config
| <pre>
...
#
# USB Input Devices
#
CONFIG_USB_HID=y
# CONFIG_HID_PID is not set
# CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV is not set

#
# Special HID drivers
#
CONFIG_HID_COMPAT=y
CONFIG_HID_A4TECH=y
CONFIG_HID_APPLE=y
CONFIG_HID_BELKIN=y
CONFIG_HID_CHERRY=y
CONFIG_HID_CHICONY=y
CONFIG_HID_CYPRESS=y
CONFIG_HID_EZKEY=y
CONFIG_HID_GYRATION=y
CONFIG_HID_LOGITECH=y
# CONFIG_LOGITECH_FF is not set
# CONFIG_LOGIRUMBLEPAD2_FF is not set
CONFIG_HID_MICROSOFT=y
CONFIG_HID_MONTEREY=y
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-5
| 4-21
| Linux autoconf.h
| <pre>
#define CONFIG_USB_SISUSBVGA_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_PHIDGETMOTORCONTROL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_LEGOTOWER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_IR_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GSPCA_T613_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_TI_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ETH_RNDIS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_W9968CF_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_RTL8150 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_WHITEHEAT_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GADGET_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_KAWETH 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ZERO_HNPTEST 1
#define CONFIG_USB_CXACRU_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_ARK3116_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_G_PRINTER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_NET_PLUSB 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GPIO_VBUS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TT_NEWSCHED 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ACM_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ARCH_HAS_EHCI 1
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-6
| 4-22
| Makefile Targets
| <pre>
$ make help
Cleaning targets:
clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

Configuration targets:
config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly
randconfig - New config with random answer to all options
defconfig - New config with default answer to all options
allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible
allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes
allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no

Other generic targets:
all - Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel
* modules - Build all modules
modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ - Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only
dir/file.ko - Build module including final link
prepare - Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors
cscope - Generate cscope index
kernelrelease - Output the release version string
kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile
headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: /home/users/collinjc/oe/angstrom-dev-backup2/work/beagleboard-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/linux-omap-2.6.29-r46/git/usr)

Static analysers
checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files
export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg - Build the kernel as an deb package
tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs - HTML
installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs
mandocs - man pages
pdfdocs - PDF
psdocs - Postscript
xmldocs - XML DocBook

Architecture specific targets (arm):
* zImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/zImage)
Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/Image)
* xipImage - XIP kernel image, if configured (arch/arm/boot/xipImage)
uImage - U-Boot wrapped zImage
bootpImage - Combined zImage and initial RAM disk
(supply initrd image via make variable INITRD=<path>)
install - Install uncompressed kernel
zinstall - Install compressed kernel
Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

afeb9260_defconfig - Build for afeb9260
am200epdkit_defconfig - Build for am200epdkit
ams_delta_defconfig - Build for ams_delta
assabet_defconfig - Build for assabet
at91cap9adk_defconfig - Build for at91cap9adk
at91rm9200dk_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200dk
at91rm9200ek_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200ek
at91sam9260ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9260ek
at91sam9261ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9261ek
at91sam9263ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9263ek
at91sam9g20ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9g20ek
at91sam9rlek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9rlek
ateb9200_defconfig - Build for ateb9200
badge4_defconfig - Build for badge4
cam60_defconfig - Build for cam60
carmeva_defconfig - Build for carmeva
cerfcube_defconfig - Build for cerfcube
cm_x300_defconfig - Build for cm_x300
colibri_defconfig - Build for colibri
collie_defconfig - Build for collie
corgi_defconfig - Build for corgi
csb337_defconfig - Build for csb337
csb637_defconfig - Build for csb637
dss_omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for dss_omap3_beagle
dss_omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for dss_omap_3430sdp
dss_overo_defconfig - Build for dss_overo
ebsa110_defconfig - Build for ebsa110
ecbat91_defconfig - Build for ecbat91
edb7211_defconfig - Build for edb7211
ep93xx_defconfig - Build for ep93xx
eseries_pxa_defconfig - Build for eseries_pxa
ezx_defconfig - Build for ezx
footbridge_defconfig - Build for footbridge
fortunet_defconfig - Build for fortunet
h3600_defconfig - Build for h3600
h5000_defconfig - Build for h5000
h7201_defconfig - Build for h7201
h7202_defconfig - Build for h7202
hackkit_defconfig - Build for hackkit
imx27ads_defconfig - Build for imx27ads
integrator_defconfig - Build for integrator
iop13xx_defconfig - Build for iop13xx
iop32x_defconfig - Build for iop32x
iop33x_defconfig - Build for iop33x
ixp2000_defconfig - Build for ixp2000
ixp23xx_defconfig - Build for ixp23xx
ixp4xx_defconfig - Build for ixp4xx
jornada720_defconfig - Build for jornada720
kafa_defconfig - Build for kafa
kb9202_defconfig - Build for kb9202
kirkwood_defconfig - Build for kirkwood
ks8695_defconfig - Build for ks8695
lart_defconfig - Build for lart
littleton_defconfig - Build for littleton
loki_defconfig - Build for loki
lpd270_defconfig - Build for lpd270
lpd7a400_defconfig - Build for lpd7a400
lpd7a404_defconfig - Build for lpd7a404
lubbock_defconfig - Build for lubbock
lusl7200_defconfig - Build for lusl7200
magician_defconfig - Build for magician
mainstone_defconfig - Build for mainstone
msm_defconfig - Build for msm
mv78xx0_defconfig - Build for mv78xx0
mx1ads_defconfig - Build for mx1ads
mx31ads_defconfig - Build for mx31ads
mx31litekit_defconfig - Build for mx31litekit
mx31moboard_defconfig - Build for mx31moboard
mx31pdk_defconfig - Build for mx31pdk
n770_defconfig - Build for n770
n800_defconfig - Build for n800
neocore926_defconfig - Build for neocore926
neponset_defconfig - Build for neponset
netwinder_defconfig - Build for netwinder
netx_defconfig - Build for netx
ns9xxx_defconfig - Build for ns9xxx
omap2_evm_defconfig - Build for omap2_evm
omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for omap3_beagle
omap3_evm_defconfig - Build for omap3_evm
omap3_pandora_defconfig - Build for omap3_pandora
omap_2430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_2430sdp
omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_3430sdp
omap_apollon_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_apollon_2420
omap_generic_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1510
omap_generic_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1610
omap_generic_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1710
omap_generic_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_2420
omap_h2_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_h2_1610
omap_h3_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_h3_1710
omap_h4_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_h4_2420
omap_innovator_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1510
omap_innovator_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1610
omap_ldp_defconfig - Build for omap_ldp
omap_osk_5912_defconfig - Build for omap_osk_5912
omap_perseus2_730_defconfig - Build for omap_perseus2_730
onearm_defconfig - Build for onearm
orion5x_defconfig - Build for orion5x
overo_defconfig - Build for overo
palmte_defconfig - Build for palmte
palmtt_defconfig - Build for palmtt
palmz71_defconfig - Build for palmz71
palmz72_defconfig - Build for palmz72
pcm027_defconfig - Build for pcm027
pcm037_defconfig - Build for pcm037
pcm038_defconfig - Build for pcm038
picotux200_defconfig - Build for picotux200
pleb_defconfig - Build for pleb
pnx4008_defconfig - Build for pnx4008
pxa255-idp_defconfig - Build for pxa255-idp
qil-a9260_defconfig - Build for qil-a9260
realview-smp_defconfig - Build for realview-smp
realview_defconfig - Build for realview
rpc_defconfig - Build for rpc
rx51_defconfig - Build for rx51
s3c2410_defconfig - Build for s3c2410
s3c6400_defconfig - Build for s3c6400
sam9_l9260_defconfig - Build for sam9_l9260
shannon_defconfig - Build for shannon
shark_defconfig - Build for shark
simpad_defconfig - Build for simpad
spitz_defconfig - Build for spitz
sx1_defconfig - Build for sx1
tct_hammer_defconfig - Build for tct_hammer
trizeps4_defconfig - Build for trizeps4
usb-a9260_defconfig - Build for usb-a9260
usb-a9263_defconfig - Build for usb-a9263
versatile_defconfig - Build for versatile
viper_defconfig - Build for viper
w90p910_defconfig - Build for w90p910
xm_x2xx_defconfig - Build for xm_x2xx
yl9200_defconfig - Build for yl9200
zylonite_defconfig - Build for zylonite

make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
</pre>
|-
| 4-7
| 4-27
| Partial Listing of Kconfig for ARM Architecture
| <pre>
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-8
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/Kconfig
| <pre>
...
source "init/Kconfig"

source "kernel/Kconfig.freezer"

menu "System Type"

choice
prompt "ARM system type"
default ARCH_VERSATILE

config ARCH_AAEC2000
bool "Agilent AAEC-2000 based"
select CPU_ARM920T
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
help
This enables support for systems based on the Agilent AAEC-2000

config ARCH_INTEGRATOR
bool "ARM Ltd. Integrator family"
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
select COMMON_CLKDEV
select ICST525
help
Support for ARM's Integrator platform.

config ARCH_REALVIEW
bool "ARM Ltd. RealView family"
select ARM_AMBA
...
source "arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-omap1/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-omap2/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-orion5x/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/mach-kirkwood/Kconfig"

source "arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/Kconfig"
source "arch/arm/plat-s3c64xx/Kconfig"
source "arch/arm/plat-s3c/Kconfig"
</pre>
|-
| 4-9
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig
| <pre>
if ARCH_OMAP

menu "TI OMAP Implementations"

config ARCH_OMAP_OTG
bool

choice
prompt "OMAP System Type"
default ARCH_OMAP1

config ARCH_OMAP1
bool "TI OMAP1"

config ARCH_OMAP2
bool "TI OMAP2"
select CPU_V6

config ARCH_OMAP3
bool "TI OMAP3"
select CPU_V7

endchoice
...
config OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH
bool "GPIO switch support"
default n
help
Say Y, if you want to have support for reporting of GPIO
switches (e.g. cover switches) via sysfs. Your bootloader has
to provide information about the switches to the kernel via the
ATAG_BOARD mechanism if they're not defined by the board config.
</pre>
|-
| 4-10
| 4-32
| Customized .config File Snippet
| <pre>
# OMAP Feature Selections
#
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_POWERDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_CLOCKDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_SMARTREFLEX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_RESET_CLOCKS=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_TAG=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH_2 is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_MUX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU=m
# CONFIG_OMAP_MPU_TIMER is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_32K_TIMER=y
CONFIG_OMAP_32K_TIMER_HZ=128
CONFIG_OMAP_TICK_GPTIMER=12
CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART1 is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART2 is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_LL_DEBUG_UART3=y
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP34XX=y
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3430=y
</pre>
|-
| 4-11
| 4-33
| Makefile from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Makefile
| <pre>
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#

# Common support
obj-y := common.o sram.o clock.o devices.o dma.o mux.o gpio.o \
usb.o fb.o vram.o vrfb.o io.o
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=

# OCPI interconnect support for 1710, 1610 and 5912
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP16XX) += ocpi.o

obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP) += mcbsp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU) += iommu.o iovmm.o

obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) += cpu-omap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER) += dmtimer.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON) += bootreason.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION) += component-version.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH) += gpio-switch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_DEVICES) += debug-devices.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_LEDS) += debug-leds.o
i2c-omap-$(CONFIG_I2C_OMAP) := i2c.o
obj-y += $(i2c-omap-m) $(i2c-omap-y)

# OMAP mailbox framework
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK) += mailbox.o
</pre>
|}

[[Category:ECE597]]

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-03-24T04:49:59Z

Xinkeqiong: /* Chapter 2 */

Hi, My name is Keqiong "Claire" Xin. I'm now pursuing the Master Degree of Computer Engineering in Rose-Hulman. This is my user page for course ECE597 Embedded Linux.

== Chapter 2 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 2-1
| 2-6
| Initial Bootloader Serial Output
| <pre>
Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Feb 19 2009 - 12:01:24)
Reading boot sector
Loading u-boot.bin from mmc

U-Boot 2009.11-rc1 (Jan 08 2010 - 21:19:52)

OMAP3530-GP ES3.1, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz
OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
I2C: ready
DRAM: 256 MB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Board revision C4
Die ID #5444000400000000040365fa1400e007
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
</pre>
|-
| 2-2
| 2-7
| Loading the Linux Kernel
|
|-
| 2-3
| 2-9
| Linux Final Boot Messages
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 2-4
| 2-21
| Hello World, Embedded Style
| <pre>
#include <stdio.h>

int bss_var; /* Uninitialized global variable */

int data_var = 1; /* Initialized global variable */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *stack_var; /* Local variable on the stack */

stack_var = (void *)main; /* Don't let the compiler */
/* optimize it out */

printf("Hello, World! Main is executing at %p\n", stack_var);
printf("This address (%p) is in our stack frame\n", &stack_var);

/* bss section contains uninitialized data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our bss section\n", &bss_var);

/* data section contains initializated data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our data section\n", &data_var);

return 0;
}
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Host Computer
| <pre>
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x80483c4
This address (0xbfc4b7e0) is in our stack frame
This address (0x804a020) is in our bss section
This address (0x804a014) is in our data section
</pre>
|-
| 2-5
| 2-22
| Hello Output for Beagle
| <pre>
root@beagleboard:~# ./a.out
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x8380
This address (0xbe876cd4) is in our stack frame
This address (0x10670) is in our bss section
This address (0x10668) is in our data section
</pre>
|}

== Chapter 4 ==

{|
! Number
! Page
! Caption
! Listing
|-
| 4-1
| 4-7
| Kernel Build Output
| <pre>
$ export OETREE="${HOME}/oe"
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/staging/i686-linux/usr/bin/:${PATH}
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/cross/armv7a/bin/:${PATH}
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- uImage

scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/arm/Kconfig
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
CC kernel/bounds.s
GEN include/linux/bounds.h
CC arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
GEN include/asm/asm-offsets.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CC scripts/mod/empty.o
MKELF scripts/mod/elfconfig.h
HOSTCC scripts/mod/file2alias.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/modpost.o
HOSTCC scripts/mod/sumversion.o
HOSTLD scripts/mod/modpost
CC init/main.o
.
. <lines of output omitted here>
.
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
CC arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.29-omap1
Created: Wed Mar 24 01:01:33 2010
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2994372 Bytes = 2924.19 kB = 2.86 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point: 80008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
</pre>
|-
| 4-2
| 4-9
| Link Stage: vmlinux
| <pre>
</pre>
|-
| 4-3
| 4-15
| Kernel Subdirectory
| <pre>
$ ls -ls arch/arm/plat-omap/ | grep -v \\.o
arch/arm/plat-omap:
total 764
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8100 Mar 19 19:48 Kconfig
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 824 Mar 15 02:52 Makefile
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2404 Mar 11 07:46 bootreason.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 15334 Mar 11 07:46 clock.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 8210 Mar 11 07:46 common.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1593 Mar 11 07:46 component-version.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 4053 Mar 11 07:46 cpu-omap.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1975 Mar 11 07:46 debug-devices.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 7120 Mar 11 07:46 debug-leds.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9975 Mar 11 07:46 devices.c
60 -rwxr-xr-x 1 xink students 59827 Mar 15 02:51 dma.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 20791 Mar 11 07:46 dmtimer.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 9675 Mar 15 02:51 fb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12815 Mar 11 07:46 gpio-switch.c
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 47671 Mar 11 07:46 gpio.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 5841 Mar 11 07:46 i2c.c
0 drwxr-xr-x 3 xink students 72 Mar 11 07:46 include
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 3749 Mar 11 07:46 io.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19782 Mar 15 02:52 iommu.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 17214 Mar 15 03:17 iommu.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1924 Mar 15 03:16 iommu.mod.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2152 Mar 15 02:52 iopgtable.h
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 19139 Mar 15 02:52 iovmm.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 14686 Mar 15 03:17 iovmm.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 1764 Mar 15 03:16 iovmm.mod.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 12069 Mar 11 07:46 mailbox.c
28 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 26560 Mar 11 07:46 mcbsp.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2109 Mar 11 07:46 mux.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 2739 Mar 11 07:46 ocpi.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 10915 Mar 11 07:46 sram.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 18290 Mar 11 07:46 usb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 13911 Mar 15 02:51 vram.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 xink students 6426 Mar 15 02:51 vrfb.c
</pre>
|-
| 4-4
| 4-17
| Snippet from Linux 2.6 .config
| <pre>
...
#
# USB Input Devices
#
CONFIG_USB_HID=y
# CONFIG_HID_PID is not set
# CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV is not set

#
# Special HID drivers
#
CONFIG_HID_COMPAT=y
CONFIG_HID_A4TECH=y
CONFIG_HID_APPLE=y
CONFIG_HID_BELKIN=y
CONFIG_HID_CHERRY=y
CONFIG_HID_CHICONY=y
CONFIG_HID_CYPRESS=y
CONFIG_HID_EZKEY=y
CONFIG_HID_GYRATION=y
CONFIG_HID_LOGITECH=y
# CONFIG_LOGITECH_FF is not set
# CONFIG_LOGIRUMBLEPAD2_FF is not set
CONFIG_HID_MICROSOFT=y
CONFIG_HID_MONTEREY=y
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-5
| 4-21
| Linux autoconf.h
| <pre>
#define CONFIG_USB_SISUSBVGA_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_PHIDGETMOTORCONTROL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_LEGOTOWER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_IR_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GSPCA_T613_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_TI_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ETH_RNDIS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_W9968CF_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_RTL8150 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_WHITEHEAT_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GADGET_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_KAWETH 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ZERO_HNPTEST 1
#define CONFIG_USB_CXACRU_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_ARK3116_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_G_PRINTER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_NET_PLUSB 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GPIO_VBUS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_EHCI_TT_NEWSCHED 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ACM_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ARCH_HAS_EHCI 1
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-6
| 4-22
| Makefile Targets
| <pre>
$ make help
Cleaning targets:
clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

Configuration targets:
config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly
randconfig - New config with random answer to all options
defconfig - New config with default answer to all options
allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible
allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes
allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no

Other generic targets:
all - Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel
* modules - Build all modules
modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ - Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only
dir/file.ko - Build module including final link
prepare - Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors
cscope - Generate cscope index
kernelrelease - Output the release version string
kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile
headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: /home/users/collinjc/oe/angstrom-dev-backup2/work/beagleboard-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/linux-omap-2.6.29-r46/git/usr)

Static analysers
checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files
export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg - Build the kernel as an deb package
tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs - HTML
installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs
mandocs - man pages
pdfdocs - PDF
psdocs - Postscript
xmldocs - XML DocBook

Architecture specific targets (arm):
* zImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/zImage)
Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/Image)
* xipImage - XIP kernel image, if configured (arch/arm/boot/xipImage)
uImage - U-Boot wrapped zImage
bootpImage - Combined zImage and initial RAM disk
(supply initrd image via make variable INITRD=<path>)
install - Install uncompressed kernel
zinstall - Install compressed kernel
Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

afeb9260_defconfig - Build for afeb9260
am200epdkit_defconfig - Build for am200epdkit
ams_delta_defconfig - Build for ams_delta
assabet_defconfig - Build for assabet
at91cap9adk_defconfig - Build for at91cap9adk
at91rm9200dk_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200dk
at91rm9200ek_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200ek
at91sam9260ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9260ek
at91sam9261ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9261ek
at91sam9263ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9263ek
at91sam9g20ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9g20ek
at91sam9rlek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9rlek
ateb9200_defconfig - Build for ateb9200
badge4_defconfig - Build for badge4
cam60_defconfig - Build for cam60
carmeva_defconfig - Build for carmeva
cerfcube_defconfig - Build for cerfcube
cm_x300_defconfig - Build for cm_x300
colibri_defconfig - Build for colibri
collie_defconfig - Build for collie
corgi_defconfig - Build for corgi
csb337_defconfig - Build for csb337
csb637_defconfig - Build for csb637
dss_omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for dss_omap3_beagle
dss_omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for dss_omap_3430sdp
dss_overo_defconfig - Build for dss_overo
ebsa110_defconfig - Build for ebsa110
ecbat91_defconfig - Build for ecbat91
edb7211_defconfig - Build for edb7211
ep93xx_defconfig - Build for ep93xx
eseries_pxa_defconfig - Build for eseries_pxa
ezx_defconfig - Build for ezx
footbridge_defconfig - Build for footbridge
fortunet_defconfig - Build for fortunet
h3600_defconfig - Build for h3600
h5000_defconfig - Build for h5000
h7201_defconfig - Build for h7201
h7202_defconfig - Build for h7202
hackkit_defconfig - Build for hackkit
imx27ads_defconfig - Build for imx27ads
integrator_defconfig - Build for integrator
iop13xx_defconfig - Build for iop13xx
iop32x_defconfig - Build for iop32x
iop33x_defconfig - Build for iop33x
ixp2000_defconfig - Build for ixp2000
ixp23xx_defconfig - Build for ixp23xx
ixp4xx_defconfig - Build for ixp4xx
jornada720_defconfig - Build for jornada720
kafa_defconfig - Build for kafa
kb9202_defconfig - Build for kb9202
kirkwood_defconfig - Build for kirkwood
ks8695_defconfig - Build for ks8695
lart_defconfig - Build for lart
littleton_defconfig - Build for littleton
loki_defconfig - Build for loki
lpd270_defconfig - Build for lpd270
lpd7a400_defconfig - Build for lpd7a400
lpd7a404_defconfig - Build for lpd7a404
lubbock_defconfig - Build for lubbock
lusl7200_defconfig - Build for lusl7200
magician_defconfig - Build for magician
mainstone_defconfig - Build for mainstone
msm_defconfig - Build for msm
mv78xx0_defconfig - Build for mv78xx0
mx1ads_defconfig - Build for mx1ads
mx31ads_defconfig - Build for mx31ads
mx31litekit_defconfig - Build for mx31litekit
mx31moboard_defconfig - Build for mx31moboard
mx31pdk_defconfig - Build for mx31pdk
n770_defconfig - Build for n770
n800_defconfig - Build for n800
neocore926_defconfig - Build for neocore926
neponset_defconfig - Build for neponset
netwinder_defconfig - Build for netwinder
netx_defconfig - Build for netx
ns9xxx_defconfig - Build for ns9xxx
omap2_evm_defconfig - Build for omap2_evm
omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for omap3_beagle
omap3_evm_defconfig - Build for omap3_evm
omap3_pandora_defconfig - Build for omap3_pandora
omap_2430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_2430sdp
omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_3430sdp
omap_apollon_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_apollon_2420
omap_generic_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1510
omap_generic_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1610
omap_generic_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1710
omap_generic_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_2420
omap_h2_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_h2_1610
omap_h3_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_h3_1710
omap_h4_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_h4_2420
omap_innovator_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1510
omap_innovator_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1610
omap_ldp_defconfig - Build for omap_ldp
omap_osk_5912_defconfig - Build for omap_osk_5912
omap_perseus2_730_defconfig - Build for omap_perseus2_730
onearm_defconfig - Build for onearm
orion5x_defconfig - Build for orion5x
overo_defconfig - Build for overo
palmte_defconfig - Build for palmte
palmtt_defconfig - Build for palmtt
palmz71_defconfig - Build for palmz71
palmz72_defconfig - Build for palmz72
pcm027_defconfig - Build for pcm027
pcm037_defconfig - Build for pcm037
pcm038_defconfig - Build for pcm038
picotux200_defconfig - Build for picotux200
pleb_defconfig - Build for pleb
pnx4008_defconfig - Build for pnx4008
pxa255-idp_defconfig - Build for pxa255-idp
qil-a9260_defconfig - Build for qil-a9260
realview-smp_defconfig - Build for realview-smp
realview_defconfig - Build for realview
rpc_defconfig - Build for rpc
rx51_defconfig - Build for rx51
s3c2410_defconfig - Build for s3c2410
s3c6400_defconfig - Build for s3c6400
sam9_l9260_defconfig - Build for sam9_l9260
shannon_defconfig - Build for shannon
shark_defconfig - Build for shark
simpad_defconfig - Build for simpad
spitz_defconfig - Build for spitz
sx1_defconfig - Build for sx1
tct_hammer_defconfig - Build for tct_hammer
trizeps4_defconfig - Build for trizeps4
usb-a9260_defconfig - Build for usb-a9260
usb-a9263_defconfig - Build for usb-a9263
versatile_defconfig - Build for versatile
viper_defconfig - Build for viper
w90p910_defconfig - Build for w90p910
xm_x2xx_defconfig - Build for xm_x2xx
yl9200_defconfig - Build for yl9200
zylonite_defconfig - Build for zylonite

make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
</pre>
|-
| 4-7
| 4-27
| Partial Listing of Kconfig for ARM Architecture
| <pre>
...
</pre>
|-
| 4-8
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/Kconfig
| <pre>
...
source "init/Kconfig"

source "kernel/Kconfig.freezer"

menu "System Type"

choice
prompt "ARM system type"
default ARCH_VERSATILE

config ARCH_AAEC2000
bool "Agilent AAEC-2000 based"
select CPU_ARM920T
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
help
This enables support for systems based on the Agilent AAEC-2000

config ARCH_INTEGRATOR
bool "ARM Ltd. Integrator family"
...
source "arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig"
</pre>
|-
| 4-9
| 4-30
| Snippet from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig
| <pre>
if ARCH_OMAP

menu "TI OMAP Implementations"

config ARCH_OMAP_OTG
bool

choice
prompt "OMAP System Type"
default ARCH_OMAP1

config ARCH_OMAP1
bool "TI OMAP1"

config ARCH_OMAP2
bool "TI OMAP2"
select CPU_V6

config ARCH_OMAP3
bool "TI OMAP3"
select CPU_V7

endchoice
...
config OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH
bool "GPIO switch support"
default n
help
Say Y, if you want to have support for reporting of GPIO
switches (e.g. cover switches) via sysfs. Your bootloader has
to provide information about the switches to the kernel via the
ATAG_BOARD mechanism if they're not defined by the board config.
</pre>
|-
| 4-10
| 4-32
| Customized .config File Snippet
| <pre>
#
# OMAP Feature Selections
#
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_POWERDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_CLOCKDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_SMARTREFLEX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_RESET_CLOCKS=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_TAG=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH=y
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH2=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_MUX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP=y
</pre>
|-
| 4-11
| 4-33
| Makefile from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/ Kernel Subdirectory
| <pre>
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#

# Common support
obj-y := common.o sram.o clock.o devices.o dma.o mux.o gpio.o \
usb.o fb.o vram.o vrfb.o io.o
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=

# OCPI interconnect support for 1710, 1610 and 5912
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP16XX) += ocpi.o

obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP) += mcbsp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU) += iommu.o iovmm.o

obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) += cpu-omap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER) += dmtimer.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON) += bootreason.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION) += component-version.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH) += gpio-switch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_DEVICES) += debug-devices.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_LEDS) += debug-leds.o
i2c-omap-$(CONFIG_I2C_OMAP) := i2c.o
obj-y += $(i2c-omap-m) $(i2c-omap-y)

# OMAP mailbox framework
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK) += mailbox.o
</pre>
|}

[[Category:ECE597]]

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-03-24T04:40:49Z

Xinkeqiong: /* Chapter 2 */

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-03-22T02:19:41Z

Xinkeqiong:

User:Xinkeqiong

2010-03-22T02:18:25Z

Xinkeqiong: Created page with 'Hi, My name is Keqiong "Claire" Xin. I'm now pursuing the Master Degree of Computer Engineering in Rose-Hulman. This is my user page for course ECE597 Embedded Linux. [[Category…'

Hi, My name is Keqiong "Claire" Xin. I'm now pursuing the Master Degree of Computer Engineering in Rose-Hulman. This is my user page for course ECE597 Embedded Linux.

[[Category:ECE597]]

ECE497 Editing a Wiki

2010-03-12T21:06:31Z

Xinkeqiong:

Here is a wiki you can practice editing. Before you can edit it you will have to create an login. Pick something that will make it easy for me to identify you as part of my class. Then just add your name and date on the end of the table.

You can get help here: [[Help:Contents]].

{|
! Name
! Date
|-
| [[user:Yoder | Mark A. Yoder]]
| 2-Mar-2010
|-
| Elliot Simon
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Mitch Garvin
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| [[user:collinjc | J. Cody Collins]]
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Steven Stark
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Brian Embry
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Qiang Jiang
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Jessica Lipscomb
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Chris Routh
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Paul Morrison
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| [[user:batydm |David Baty]]
| 8-Mar-2010
|-
| Adam Jesionowski
| 9-Mar-2010
|-
| Greg Jackson
| 9-Mar-2010
|-
| Mark Jacobson
| 9-Mar-2010
|-
| Tom Most
| 10-Mar-2010
|-
| Yannick Polius
| 10-Mar-2010
|-
| Matt Luke
| 11-Mar-2010
|-
| [[user:banistpw | Paul Banister]]
| 12-Mar-2010
|-
| Jian Li
| 12-Mar-2010
|-
| Xiaoyan Mu
| 12-Mar-2010
|-
| Keqiong Xin
| 12-Mar-2010
|}

[[Category:ECE597]]

ECE497 Editing a Wiki

2010-03-12T21:06:01Z

Xinkeqiong: