Difference between revisions of "BeagleBoardUbuntu"

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[[Category:Development Boards]]
 
[[Category:Development Boards]]
 
[[Category: BeagleBoard]]
 
[[Category: BeagleBoard]]
This page is about running a (ARM EABI) [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] distribution at [[BeagleBoard]]. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from [[BeagleBoard#MMC.2FSD_boot|SD card]].
+
''(For BeagleBoardAngstrom, click [[BeagleBoardAngstrom|here]].)''
 +
''(Should [[Beagleboard:Ubuntu On BeagleBone Black]] be merged into this page?)''
  
Note: for the best experience, make sure you have an LCD attached to the HDMI port, 2GB/4GB/8GB SD card, and a known good usb2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.
+
This page is about running a Linux distribution (ARM [https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort EABI]) [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] on the [[BeagleBoard]]. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from the [[BeagleBoard#MMC.2FSD_boot|SD card]]. Since much of this page is generic, it has also been extended to help support devices such as the [[PandaBoard]] and [[BeagleBone]].
 +
 
 +
* For the best experience, make sure you have an LCD/HDMI monitor attached to the BeagleBoard's HDMI port, 2 GB/4 GB/8 GB SD card, and a known good USB 2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.
  
 
= Help =
 
= Help =
Line 12: Line 15:
  
 
*Kernel related help:
 
*Kernel related help:
** [http://groups.google.com/group/beagleboard Email Beagleboard user group] *Recommended method
+
** [https://groups.google.com/group/beagleboard Email Beagleboard user group] *Recommended method
** ''#beagle'': Beagle irc on freenode, accessible also by [http://beagleboard.org/discuss web interface] ([http://www.beagleboard.org/irclogs/index.php logs])
+
** ''#beagle'': Beagle IRC on Freenode, accessible also by [http://beagleboard.org/discuss web interface] ([http://www.beagleboard.org/irclogs/index.php logs])
** [https://launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel Launchpad Project "Beagleboard Kernel"]
+
** Kernel Trees
*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable Stable Kernel 2.6.33 src]
+
*** [https://github.com/RobertCNelson/stable-kernel/tree/v3.7.x Stable (3.7.x) branch]
*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6.34-devel Development Kernel src]
+
*** [https://github.com/RobertCNelson/linux-dev Development Kernel source code]
** [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuKernel Kernel Testing Results]
 
  
 
*Ubuntu related help:
 
*Ubuntu related help:
** ''#ubuntu-arm'': Ubuntu's arm irc on freenode ([http://irclogs.ubuntu.com/ logs] -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
+
** ''#ubuntu-arm'': Ubuntu's ARM IRC on Freenode ([http://irclogs.ubuntu.com/ logs] -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
  
*When asking for help, please provide some debugging information:
+
*When requesting help, please provide some debugging information:
 
** U-Boot Version installed on board
 
** U-Boot Version installed on board
 
** Kernel Version: uname -a
 
** Kernel Version: uname -a
Line 28: Line 30:
 
*** Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)
 
*** Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)
  
= Recommended Beagle Software =  
+
= Required Beagle Software =  
  
X-loader/MLO (1.4.4ss) & U-Boot (2010.03) (Zippy1 & Zippy2 Support)
+
Mainline U-Boot:
* All Bx, C2/3/4 Boards should upgrade there MLO and U-Boot versions.
+
* All older BeagleBoard (classic) Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx boards are required to upgrade to at least these U-Boot versions
 +
* XM Boards have no NAND, so MLO/u-boot.img is always required on the first partition
 
* Directions: [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
 
* Directions: [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
  
=Demo Image=
+
= Omap Serial Changes =
== Lucid 10.04 ==
 
  
Built with:
+
boot.scr/boot.cmd changes:
sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G \
 
--seed wget,nano,linux-firmware,wireless-tools,usbutils --dist lucid --serial ttyS2 \
 
--script fixup.sh --components "main universe multiverse" \
 
--kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/lucid/v2.6.32.11-l13/linux-image-2.6.32.11-l13_1.0lucid_armel.deb
 
  
Get prebuilt image:
+
With 2.6.35:
 +
console=ttyS2,115200n8
  
wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
With 2.6.36/37+:
mirrors (updating):
+
  console=ttyO2,115200n8
wget http://ynezz.ibawizard.net/beagleboard/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
 
wget http://vivaphp.net/beagle/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
 
  wget http://174.120.189.162/~amit/download/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
 
  
Unpack it: (sudo apt-get install p7zip-full for 7za)
+
Serial console login: /etc/init/ttyO2.conf
 +
start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
 +
stop on runlevel [!2345]
 +
 +
respawn
 +
exec /sbin/getty 115200 ttyO2
  
7za x ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
= Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image =
tar xf ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar
 
cd ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel
 
  
Quick Install script for Beagle Bx, C2 & C3
+
==Demo Image==
./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle
 
  
Quick Install script for Beagle C4 (forces 720Mhz)
+
* These demonstration images contain a custom Mainline based kernel with experimental enhancements to the boards supported. They are usually updated about once a month, as new features/enhancements get added by the community. Currently, this image ships with two kernels "armv7" which is for mainline omap3+ devices (BeagleBoard/PandaBoard) and the "bone" which is specifically for the BeagleBone. The kernel is stress-tested by a farm of Panda/Beagles running 24/7 under a heavy load (building gcc trunk/mainline kernel).
./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_c4
 
  
*Hotfix for users with cards that are mounted as "/dev/mmcblk0p1" that will be included in the next upload (most netbooks with integrated mmc card..)
+
* '''Advanced Users only''': Beagle xM: Kernel source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform
  wget http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/image-builder/download/head:/setup_sdcard.sh-20100409005705-0qmm36b13opq2x2z-1/setup_sdcard.sh
+
  git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform.git
 +
cd armv7-multiplatform
 +
git checkout origin/v3.13.x -b tmp
 +
./build_kernel.sh
 +
* '''Advanced Users only''': BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:  Kernel v3.8.x source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/linux-dev/tree/am33x-v3.8
 +
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/linux-dev.git
 +
cd linux-dev
 +
git checkout origin/am33x-v3.8 -b tmp
 +
./build_kernel.sh
 +
* '''Advanced Users only''': Userspace, used in these demo images:
 +
https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder
  
*Additional Options
+
=== Saucy 13.10 ===
** --rootfs <ext3 default>
+
Image Updated:
** --swap_file <swap file size in MB's>
+
*2014-02-16
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.3-armv7-x10 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
 +
*2014-01-24
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.0-armv7-x9 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
 +
*2013-12-17
 +
** Beagle xM (ONLY): v3.12.5-armv7-x10 kernel (--dtb dt-beagle-xm)
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel
 +
** Beagle/Panda/Panda ES: v3.7.10-x13 kernel
  
md5sum: 71c9f2372283752a7f410075001c1d76 ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
Services Active:
 +
  Note: Depending on your internal network these may work out of the box
 +
Apache, Port 80: http://arm/ (Bone: via usb) http://192.168.7.2
 +
SSH, Port 22: ssh ubuntu@arm (Bone: via usb) ubuntu@192.168.7.2
 +
Getty, Serial Port
  
== Lucid 10.04 Xfce4 ==
+
Default user: ubuntu pass: temppwd
  
Built with: (RootStock + lots of tweaks)
+
Get prebuilt image:
  --kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/linux-image-2.6.33.4-l3_1.0lucid_armel.deb
+
  wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/saucy/ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
  
Get prebuilt image:
+
Verify Image with:
 +
md5sum ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
 +
2a1e70288dcfca3ccbd6785c4bd6c73b  ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
 +
 
 +
Unpack Image:
 +
tar xf ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
 +
cd ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16
 +
 
 +
If you don't know the location of your SD card:
 +
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc
 +
 
 +
You should see something like:
  
  wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel.tar.7z
+
  Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...
  mirrors (will take some time to update):
+
   
  wget http://ynezz.ibawizard.net/beagleboard/ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel.tar.7z
+
fdisk -l:
  wget http://vivaphp.net/beagle/ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel.tar.7z
+
  Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes '''<- x86 Root Drive'''
 +
Disk /dev/sdd: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes '''<- MMC/SD card'''
 +
 +
lsblk:
 +
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
 +
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
 +
  ├─sda1  8:1    0 446.9G  0 part / '''<- x86 Root Partition'''
 +
├─sda2  8:2    0    1K  0 part
 +
└─sda5  8:5    0  18.9G  0 part [SWAP]
 +
sdd      8:48  1  3.7G  0 disk
 +
├─sdd1  8:49  1    64M  0 part
 +
└─sdd2  8:50  1  3.6G  0 part
  
md5sum: e9be639e03c18e9b766504ab648d8993  ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel.tar.7z
+
* In this example, we can see via mount, '''/dev/sda1''' is the x86 rootfs, therefore '''/dev/sdd''' is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by ./setup_sdcard.sh...
  
Unpack it: (sudo apt-get install p7zip-full for 7za)
+
Install Image:
  
  7za x ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel.tar.7z
+
Quick install script for [board]
tar xf ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel.tar
+
  sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot board
cd ubuntu-10.04-xfce4-armel
 
  
Quick Install script for Beagle Bx, C2/C3/C4
+
[board] options:
./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle --swap_file 100
+
*BeagleBone/Black    - bone
  
Required Options
+
So for the BeagleBone:
* --swap_file 100 (atleast 100MB's, otherwise oem-config will run out of memory and crash etc..)
+
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot bone
Additional Options
 
* --rootfs <ext3 default> (ext3/ext4/btrfs)
 
  
Known Problem
+
Quick install script for [board] (using new --dtb option)
* oem-config needs swap, “–swap_file 100″
+
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb board
* gdm theme doesn’t scale correctly to login: select “auto login” during user configuration
 
* Network Manger loads in background but a doesn’t seem to load a xfce4 gui: “sudo nm-applet”
 
  
= NetInstall Method =
+
board options:
 +
*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx/Dx    - omap3-beagle
 +
*BeagleBoard xM            - omap3-beagle-xm
  
The NetInstall Method, allows you to install Ubuntu directly onto your Beagle by pre-populating a boot image that will perform the complete install.
+
So for the BeagleBoard xM:
 +
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm
  
Recommended:
+
Advanced: Build Image:
* 2GB+ SD card
 
* USB Ethernet/Wifi
 
  
Script Source: https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/debian-di
+
Built with a fork of project-rootstock (ARM native mode, runs directly on BeagleBoard), using a script from omap-image-builder:
  
Install bzr
+
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder.git
  sudo apt-get install bzr
+
cd omap-image-builder
 +
git checkout v2014.02 -b tmp
 +
touch release
 +
  ./rcn-ee_image.sh
  
Download debian-di script
+
=== Trusty 14.04 (experimental) ===
bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/debian-di
 
  
Discover SD/MMC Partition
+
Image Updated:
sudo fdisk -l
+
*2014-02-16
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.3-armv7-x10 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
 +
*2014-01-24
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.0-armv7-x9 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
 +
*2013-12-17
 +
** Beagle xM (ONLY): v3.12.5-armv7-x10 kernel (--dtb dt-beagle-xm)
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel
 +
** Beagle/Panda/Panda ES: v3.7.10-x13 kernel
  
Run Script
+
Get prebuilt image:
  cd debian-di
+
  wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/trusty/ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --distro lucid --firmware
 
  
*Options:
+
Verify Image with:
**--distro : lucid
+
md5sum ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
**--firmware : install firmware for WiFi devices
+
45a9ef3c12ad2129087492ab00e2e103  ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
**--serial-mode : force NetInstall to use Serial Port
 
  
Note: The default options work for most people, but if you'd like to tweak boot settings, edit these before running the script.
+
Unpack image:
   
+
  tar xf ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
NetInstall boot Settings:
+
  cd ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/dvi.cmd
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/serial.cmd
 
 
  Normal Boot Settings:
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/dvi-normal-lucid.cmd
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/serial-normal-lucid.cmd
 
  
Place SD card into Beagle and Boot
+
Then follow the directions shown above with the other images...
  
Troubshooting: If boot fails..
+
== Flasher ==
*Upgrade X-loader and U-boot [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
 
*Clear U-boot's Environment Variables in nand:
 
nand erase 260000 20000
 
  
NetInstall assumptions:
+
=== eMMC: BeagleBone Black ===
Continue with out Kernel Modules <yes>
 
Partition <Guided - use the largest continuous free space>
 
  
= RootStock: Build an Ubuntu root file system =
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or the win32 image program linked to on CircuitCo's wiki page.  First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power (same procedure as the official CircuitCo images). The board should boot into Ubuntu and begin flashing the eMMC, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON.  Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.
  
== Ubuntu Version's ==
+
Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)
This guide only covers the latest Ubuntu stable (lucid) release and notes for the testing (lucid+1) dists. Notes for older release's can be found here:
+
  https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/beaglebone-black-eMMC-flasher.sh
  
* Jaunty, aka Ubuntu 9.04, is the very-old-stable version (armv5 optimized)
+
BTW: we are only writing about 500 megabytes to the eMMC, so the script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.
** TODO: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuJaunty
 
* Karmic, aka Ubuntu 9.10, is the old-stable version  (armv6 optimized)
 
** http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuKarmic
 
* Lucid, aka Ubuntu 10.04 is the stable version (armv7 optimized)
 
** TODO: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuLucid
 
* Maverick, aka Ubuntu 10.10 is the development version. Currently listed here as 'testing'. (armv7 optimized)
 
** TODO: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuMaverick
 
  
== Install RootStock ==
+
Notes:
 +
* If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
 +
* If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.
 +
** (error -84: which may mean you've reached the max number of erase/write cycles...)
  
This is based off Ubuntu's RootStock Project; [https://launchpad.net/project-rootstock RootStock] script.
+
User: ubuntu
 +
pass: temppwd
  
Debian Squeeze
+
Image Updated:
(unsupported as tested on 4/28/2010, qemu segfaults)
+
*2014-02-16
 +
** BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
 +
*2014-01-24
 +
** BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
 +
*2013-12-17
 +
** BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel
  
Karmic (9.10)
+
Get prebuilt image:
sudo apt-get install (FIXME: rootstock minimum requirements)
+
  wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/flasher/saucy/BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
  bzr branch lp:project-rootstock
 
cd project-rootstock
 
bzr revert -r 94  (Commit 95, isn't supported by Karmic's QEMU)
 
*qemu: unknown parameter 'aio' in 'file=/tmp/tmp.QxNNQAxEyv/qemu-armel-201004221701.img,aio=native,cache=none'
 
  
Lucid (10.04)
+
Verify Image with:
  sudo apt-get install rootstock
+
md5sum BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
 +
  77fefe8d4eb942981068534f518a9fbe  BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
  
== RootStock ==
+
Follow the "standard" update procedure.
 +
http://circuitco.com/support/index.php?title=Updating_The_Software
  
=== RootStock: Useful seed Packages ===
+
Linux:
 +
unxz BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
 +
sudo dd if=./BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
Useful Packages:
+
== raw microSD img ==
linux-firmware,wireless-tools :wifi adapters..
 
ntpdate :sync real time clock from network
 
  
GUI's (broken bug: FIXME)
+
=== BeagleBoard xM ===
xfce4:  xfce4,gdm,xubuntu-gdm-theme,xubuntu-artwork
 
  
=== RootStock: Running ===
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or the win32 image program linked to on CircuitCo's wiki page.  First press and hold the boot select button (next to microSD card), then apply power (same procedure as the official CircuitCo images).  The board should boot into Ubuntu.
  
Rootstock Command line:
+
User: ubuntu
sudo ./rootstock --fqdn <hostname> --login <rootuser> --password <rootuserpasswd> --imagesize <qemu image size> \
+
pass: temppwd
--seed <packages> --dist <jaunty/karmic/lucid> --serial <ttySx>  --kernel-image <http>
 
  
Basic Lucid (10.04) Beagleboard minimal image:
+
Auto partition resize:
  sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G \
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools
--seed wget,nano,linux-firmware,wireless-tools,usbutils --dist lucid --serial ttyS2 \
+
  git pull
  --components "main universe multiverse" \
+
  ./grow_partition.sh
  --kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/linux-image-2.6.33.4-l3_1.0lucid_armel.deb
+
sudo reboot
  
Upon Completion, you should have:
+
Image Updated:
armel-rootfs-<date>.tgz  -> Root file System, dump to ext2/3 partition of SD card
+
*2014-02-16
vmlinuz-2.6.<version>    -> Boot Image, use mkimage to create uImage and dump to the first fat16 partition of SD card
+
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.3-armv7-x10 kernel
initrd.img-2.6.<version> -> Boot initramfs, use mkimage to create uInitrd and dump to the first fat16 partition of SD card
 
  
== Partition SD Card ==
+
Get prebuilt image:
You will need a 1GB SD card or greater.
+
  wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/microsd/saucy/bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
Standard Console System : ~286MB
 
  + Desktop environment (lxde,gdm) : ~479MB
 
  
Starting with an empty SD card and using gparted, create:
+
Verify Image with:
  50 MiB Primary Partition, fat16/fat32
+
  md5sum bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
  Rest as ext2/ext3/ext4/btrfs
+
  3cb914ae8fb848139ba7311b980b54c0  bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
  
Gparted Example: http://nishanthmenon.blogspot.com/2008/08/how-to-boot-beagle.html
+
Linux:
 +
unxz bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
 +
sudo dd if=./bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
For Reference:
+
=== BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black ===
Disk /dev/sdd: 2038 MB, 2038431744 bytes
 
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 247 cylinders
 
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 
Disk identifier: 0x0008e471
 
 
    Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
 
/dev/sdd1              1          6      48163+  6  FAT16
 
/dev/sdd2              7        247    1935832+  83  Linux
 
  
== Copy Root File System to SD Card ==
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or the win32 image program linked to on CircuitCo's wiki page.  First press and hold the boot select button (next to microSD card), then apply power (same procedure as the official CircuitCo images).  The board should boot into Ubuntu.
  
Mount your SD card's larger root file system partition (assuming /dev/sdX2) and 'untar' the rootfs into it.
+
User: ubuntu
 +
pass: temppwd
  
mkdir -p ./tmp
+
Auto partition resize:
  sudo mount /dev/sdX2 ./tmp
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools
  sudo tar xfp armel-rootfs-*.tgz -C ./tmp
+
git pull
  sudo umount ./tmp
+
  ./grow_partition.sh
 +
  sudo reboot
  
== Boot Partition ==
+
Image Updated:
 +
*2014-02-16
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
 +
*2014-01-24
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
 +
*2013-12-17
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel
  
Requirements:
+
Get prebuilt image:
 +
wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/microsd/saucy/bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
  
  sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage
+
Verify Image with:
 +
  md5sum bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
 +
2402742d35478531294edd930cc79a40  bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
  
=== U-Boot uImage ===
+
Linux:
 +
unxz bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
 +
sudo dd if=./bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
U-Boot needs a compatible kernel image to boot.  To do this, we are using mkimage from (uboot-mkimage) to create an image from the vmlinuz kernel file.
+
= Method 2: Use the NetInstall method=
  
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n "Linux" -d ./vmlinuz-* ./uImage
+
You will need a 1GB/2GB/4GB/8GB SD card or greater.
 +
Standard system : ~700&nbsp;MB
  
=== U-Boot uInitrd ===
+
Report Bugs/Issues to: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/issues
 +
(anywhere else will be ignored..)
  
This step is Optional, but it helps with the lucid and Lucid++ experience.
+
Download the netinstall script:
 +
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall.git
 +
cd netinstall
  
  mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n initramfs -d ./initrd.img-* ./uInitrd
+
Currently supported Ubuntu distributions:
 +
  --distro oneiric (11.10)
 +
--distro precise-armhf (12.04)
 +
--distro quantal (12.10)
 +
--distro raring (13.04)
 +
--distro saucy (13.10)
  
=== U-Boot Boot Scripts ===
+
Device: <board> selection:
The version of U-Boot installed or recommended to install uses boot scripts by default. This allows users to easily switch between multiple SD cards with different OS's with different parameters installed. Ubuntu/Debian requires a slight modification to the bootargs line vs. Angstrom, 'ro' vs 'rw'.
+
*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx  - omap3-beagle
 +
*BeagleBoard xMA/B/C  - omap3-beagle-xm
 +
*BeagleBone Ax        - am335x-bone-serial
 +
*BeagleBone (DVI cape) - am335x-bone-video
 +
*BeagleBone Black      - am335x-boneblack
 +
  *PandaBoard Ax    - omap4-panda
 +
  *PandaBoard A4+    - omap4-panda-a4
 +
*PandaBoard ES    - omap4-panda-es
  
fixrtc: (only uInitrd) Resets RTC based on last mount
+
Installation script for new <board> selection: (slowly migrating all devices to this method)
  buddy=${buddy}: (both) Kernel Zippy1/2 Support
+
  sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb <board> --distro <distro>
  
create ubuntu.cmd
+
So for the xM: with quantal:
  setenv bootcmd 'mmc init; fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 uImage; bootm 0x80300000'
+
  sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm --distro quantal
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait ro vram=12M omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60 buddy=${buddy}
 
boot
 
  
With optional uInitrd:
+
*Other Options:
create ubuntu.cmd:
+
**--firmware : installs firmware
setenv bootcmd 'mmc init; fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 uImage; fatload mmc 0:1 0x81600000 uInitrd; bootm 0x80300000 0x81600000'
+
**--serial-mode : debian-installer uses Serial Port
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait ro vram=12M omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60 fixrtc buddy=${buddy}
 
boot
 
  
Use mkimage create to actual *.scr file for U-Boot:
+
Place SD card into BeagleBoard and boot:
  
  mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n "Ubuntu 10.04" -d ./ubuntu.cmd ./ubuntu.scr
+
Configure the network:
 +
  usb0: USB net <- (usually the OTG port)
 +
eth0: USB net <- (usually the smsc95xx adapter on the BeagleBoard and PandaBoard)
 +
wlan0: Wifi <- Your USDB-Wi-Fi device..  
  
=== Copy to Boot Partition ===
+
See my notes for my testing procedure: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/blob/master/test.Ubuntu
  
Mount your SD card fat16/fat32 partition (assuming /dev/sdX1) and copy the uImage, boot.scr, and optional uInitrd to the first partition.
+
Troubleshooting: If booting fails..
 +
*Hold the user button down to force booting from MMC
 +
*Upgrade X-loader and U-boot [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
 +
*Clear U-boot's Environment Variables in NAND:
 +
nand erase 260000 20000
  
mkdir -p ./tmp
+
NetInstall assumptions:
sudo mount /dev/sdX1 ./tmp
+
  Assume asll <default>'s... Thanks you preseed.conf!!!
sudo cp ./uImage ./tmp/uImage
 
sudo cp ./uInitrd ./tmp/uImage
 
 
Beagle:
 
  sudo cp ./ubuntu.scr ./tmp/boot.scr
 
 
IGEPv2:
 
sudo cp ./ubuntu.scr ./tmp/boot.ini
 
 
sudo umount ./tmp
 
  
== Ubuntu Bugs & Tweaks ==
+
= Method 3: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)=
  
===Enable Network Access===
+
Note, this section used to have a lot of details, but maintenance of the two wiki's became a pain, so for now on we will just link to my other pages:
  
Modify /etc/network/interfaces
+
== Beagle/Beagle xM ==
auto eth0
+
http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBoard
iface eth0 inet dhcp
 
  
Manual: From the Command line
+
== BeagleBone ==
  sudo ifconfig -a
+
  http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone
sudo dhclient ethX (or wlanX/etc..)
 
  
Additional Network Setup Information can be found [[BeagleBoardUbuntuNetwork|HERE]]
+
== Panda/Panda ES ==
 +
http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/PandaBoard
  
 
= Advanced =
 
= Advanced =
Line 317: Line 363:
 
==Install Latest Kernel Image==
 
==Install Latest Kernel Image==
  
===Script File===
+
Script:
 +
cd /opt/scripts/tools
 +
git pull
  
example: http://www.rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/
+
Stable:
   
+
  ./update_kernel.sh
wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/install-me.sh
 
/bin/bash install-me.sh
 
  
Reboot with your new uImage
+
Testing:
 +
./update_kernel.sh --beta-kernel
  
== Upgrade X-loader and U-boot ==
+
Custom: (has to be on rcn-ee.net)
 +
./update_kernel.sh --kernel v3.8.13-bone37
  
Compatible with Bx,C2/3/4
+
Reboot with your new Kernel Image.
  
Requires MMC card..
+
== Upgrade X-loader and U-boot ==
  
bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/omap-flasher
+
*Note: the functionality of the "X-Loader" project has been merged as u-boot spl.
cd omap-flasher
 
./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX
 
  
1: Place MMC card in Beagle
+
Compatibility with older Ax, Bx, Cx, and Dx BeagleBoards
2: Push/Hold User Button
 
3: Apply Power
 
4: After U-boot loads, let off User Button
 
5: Wait for Flashing to end
 
6: Power down, remove/edit boot.scr from MMC card
 
 
 
Depending on what's in NAND, you might still have to stop and do this:
 
  
 +
Note: Sometimes on these older boards, you just have to clear out the stored U-Boot environment variables in NAND to make this script work:
 
  nand erase 260000 20000
 
  nand erase 260000 20000
reset
 
  
What the script does:
+
Or: To fully erase the entire NAND:
fatload mmc 0:1 0x80200000 x-load.bin.ift
+
  nand erase.chip
nandecc hw
 
  nand erase 0 80000
 
nand write 0x80200000 0 20000
 
nand write 0x80200000 20000 20000
 
nand write 0x80200000 40000 20000
 
nand write 0x80200000 60000 20000
 
 
fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 u-boot.bin
 
nandecc sw
 
nand erase 80000 160000
 
nand write 0x80300000 80000 160000
 
nand erase 260000 20000
 
reset
 
  
== SGX Video Acceleration ==
+
Requires MMC card:
  
Use a "corporate email" and download the latest (3.01.00.02):
+
  git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/flasher.git
  http://software-dl.ti.com/dsps/dsps_public_sw/sdo_sb/targetcontent/gfxsdk/latest/index_FDS.html
+
cd flasher
  
=== Kernel Modules ===
+
For the Beagle Ax/Bx
''An older version of these instructions was adapted for the IGEPv2 platform - if you are following this tutorial and have an IGEPv2, consider using http://wiki.jmaustin.org/wiki/IgepSGXUbuntu instead''
+
sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_bx
  
Use the "build_sgx_module.sh" script in 2.6-stable, module source is now in the *.bin
+
For the Beagle Cx/Dx
 +
sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_cx
  
  https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable
+
  1: Plug-in a serial cable and start the serial terminal program
 +
2: Place MMC card in Beagle
 +
3: Push and hold the user button
 +
4: Plug-in power
 +
5: Wait for U-Boot countdown to finish, then release the user button
 +
6: Wait for flashing/script to end
 +
7: Power down, remove and reformat MMC card to final OS
  
Directions: (2.6.34+ this will change..)
+
If you don't know the location of your SD card:
  bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable
+
  sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --probe-mmc
cd 2.6-stable
 
./build_kernel.sh
 
./build_sgx_modules.sh
 
  
Copy the *.uImage and extract the matching *.modules.tar.gz from the deploy directory to your SD card.
+
You should see something like:
  
Copy the GFX_Linux_SDK.tar.gz examples to either your SD card or another media (large file) then boot your omap board.
+
Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...
 +
 +
fdisk -l:
 +
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes '''<- x86 Root Drive'''
 +
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes '''<- MMC/SD card'''
 +
 +
mount:
 +
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) '''<- x86 Root Partition'''
  
Run depmod:
+
* In this example, we can see via mount, '''/dev/sda1''' is the x86 rootfs, therefore '''/dev/mmcblk0''' is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by the ./mk_mmc.sh script.
sudo depmod -a omaplfb
 
  
Tweak System Libraries:
+
== SGX Video Acceleration ==
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.0
 
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/libXau.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/libXau.so.0
 
  
=== Startup Script ===
+
'''BeagleBone (BBW) & BeagleBone Black (BBB)'''
  
For 3.01.00.02
+
SGX support will most likely be included with Kernel 3.12 (see TI [http://software-dl.ti.com/dsps/dsps_public_sw/gfxsdk/5_01_00_01/index_FDS.html Graphics SDK release 5.01.00.01]), which is being worked on now (January 2014).
  
Copy /opt/pvr/pvr script:
+
== Xorg Drivers ==
  
Lucid:  
+
Script:
  sudo cp /opt/pvr/pvr /etc/init.d/pvr
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools/
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/pvr
+
  git pull
  sudo update-rc.d pvr defaults
 
  
Note, if your updating..
+
BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:
  cat /opt/pvr/pvr | sudo tee /etc/init.d/pvr > /dev/null
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
 +
./ti-omapdrm.sh
  
=== Test SGX with a DEMO ===
+
BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:
 +
cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
 +
./ti-tilcdc.sh
  
In GFX_Linux_SDK:
+
== Building the Kernel ==
cd OGLES/SDKPackage/Binaries/CommonX11/Demos/ChameleonMan
 
./OGLESChameleonMan
 
  
=== Trouble Shooting ===
+
https://github.com/RobertCNelson/stable-kernel
  
  sudo rm /etc/powervr-esrev
+
Download Source:
sudo depmod -a omaplfb
+
  git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/stable-kernel.git
sudo /etc/init.d/pvr restart
 
  
== DSP ==
+
Build the kernel:
 +
./build_kernel.sh
  
This is still a major work in progress...
+
Optionally building the *.deb file:
 +
./build_deb.sh
  
== Xorg omapfb Drivers ==
+
= Swapfile =
  
By default Ubuntu will try to use the FBDEV video driver, however for the beagleboard we can take advantage of a more software optimized driver (still not using the sgx video hardware) using the NEON extensions of the Cortex-A8 core.
+
== Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition ==
  
cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep FBDEV
+
On the Beagleboard you should expect to require a swap file given the limitation of how little RAM is available (between 256&nbsp;MB and 512&nbsp;MB). Some system programs like apt-get will only run properly when some swap space is present (due to 256&nbsp;MB not being enough RAM).
(II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
 
(II) FBDEV(0): using default device
 
(II) FBDEV(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
 
(==) FBDEV(0): Depth 16, (==) framebuffer bpp 16
 
(==) FBDEV(0): RGB weight 565
 
  
Login into Ubuntu and open a new terminal, xorg has to be running..
+
Some images (such as those from Linaro.org) do not come with a swap partition or any swap space allocated.
  
xvinfo -display :0.0
+
Under Linux, swap space can be either a dedicated partition or a swap file. Both can be mounted as swap which the OS can access.
X-Video Extension version 2.2
 
screen #0
 
  no adaptors present
 
  
=== Drivers ===
+
=== Creating a Swapfile ===
  
Note: These are built with neon optimizations: http://git.debian.org/?p=collab-maint/xf86-video-omapfb.git;a=blob;f=debian/rules;h=c2f0d5391c96c5abb60b1e691ad86bb27e0c17d8;hb=HEAD  (line 48/49)
+
The following commands will create a 1 GB file, limit access only to root, format it as swap and then make it available to the OS:
  
Lucid:
+
sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/ 
  sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-omap3
+
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
 +
sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/swapfile
 +
sudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/swapfile
 +
  sudo swapon /var/cache/swap/swapfile
  
To verify it was correctly installed, reboot and:
+
To tell the OS to load this swapfile on each start up, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following additional line:
  
cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep omapfb
+
/var/cache/swap/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0   0
(II) LoadModule: "omapfb"
 
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers//omapfb_drv.so
 
(II) Module omapfb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
 
(II) omapfb: Driver for OMAP framebuffer (omapfb) and external LCD controllers:
 
(WW) Error opening /sys/devices/platform/omapfb/ctrl/name: No such file or directory
 
(II) omapfb(0): VideoRAM: 1800KiB (SDRAM)
 
(II) omapfb(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
 
(**) omapfb(0): Depth 16, (--) framebuffer bpp 16
 
(==) omapfb(0): RGB weight 565
 
(==) omapfb(0): Default visual is TrueColor
 
(--) omapfb(0): Virtual size is 1280x720 (pitch 1280)
 
(**) omapfb(0):  Built-in mode "current"
 
(==) omapfb(0): DPI set to (96, 96)
 
(II) omapfb(0): DPMS enabled
 
(II) omapfb(0): Video plane capabilities:
 
(II) omapfb(0): Video plane supports the following image formats:
 
(II) omapfb(0): XVideo extension initialized
 
  
Login into Ubuntu and open a new terminal, xorg has to be running..
+
To verify that the swapfile is accessilble as swap to the OS, run "top" or "htop" at a console.
  
xvinfo -display :0.0
+
= Ubuntu Software =
X-Video Extension version 2.2
 
screen #0
 
  Adaptor #0: "OMAP XV adaptor"
 
    number of ports: 1
 
    port base: 56
 
    operations supported: PutImage
 
    supported visuals:
 
      depth 16, visualID 0x21
 
    number of attributes: 1
 
    etc..
 
  
== S-Video ==
+
== Wi-Fi Networking (command line) ==
Sorry I don't have an S-Video TV, and this is documented in the source, so it would be really great if someone could fill this section in... --[[User:RobertCNelson|RobertCNelson]] 21:32, 13 July 2009 (UTC)
 
  
=== NTSC ===
+
=== /etc/network/interfaces ===
  
Please use v2.6.29-oer44.1:
+
It is relatively easy to configure a Wi-Fi card from the command line.
  
=== PAL ===
+
You will need to edit the /etc/network/interfaces file. There are several guides available via Google.
  
Please use v2.6.29-oer44.1:
+
This is a particularly useful guide https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202834
  
== Building Kernel ==
+
A sample /etc/network/interfaces file for a WPA2 encrypted access point is:
  
https://launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel
+
auto lo
 +
iface lo inet loopback
 +
auto wlan0
 +
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
 +
wpa-driver wext
 +
wpa-ssid <NAME OF AP>
 +
wpa-ap-scan 1
 +
wpa-proto RSN
 +
wpa-pairwise CCMP
 +
wpa-group CCMP
 +
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
 +
wpa-psk <INSERT KEY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>
  
Register on launchpad.net, install bzr
+
Your Wi-Fi card will automatically load these settings upon startup and initialize wireless network access.
sudo apt-get install bzr
 
  
Download SRC
+
== Lightweight window managers ==
bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable
 
  
Build Kernel
+
If you intend to use Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard you can install JWM or IceWM to improve performance.
./build_kernel.sh
 
  
Build SGX Modules
+
JWM in particular uses little RAM. On a BeagleBoard with 256&nbsp;MB, using JWM will leave about 60&nbsp;MB free in which to run applications.
./build_sgx_modules.sh
 
 
 
Build Deb File
 
./build_deb.sh
 
 
 
= Ubuntu Software =
 
  
 
== Web Apps ==
 
== Web Apps ==
  
 
=== Midori ===
 
=== Midori ===
Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a light weight browser is more responsive. Midori is a light weight browser that still supports flash etc
+
Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a lightweight browser is more responsive. Midori is a lightweight browser that still supports flash, etc. It is available from the standard repositories:
It is available from the standard repositories.
 
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29
  
Line 525: Line 528:
  
 
=== Motion ===
 
=== Motion ===
If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam etc) which appears as /dev/video0 etc then you can use the Linux Surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.
+
If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam, etc.) which appears as /dev/video0, etc. then you can use the Linux surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.
  
Motion is also available from the standard repositories.
+
Motion is also available from the standard repositories:
 
http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27
 
http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27
Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with 15 fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.
+
Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with a 15&nbsp;fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.
  
To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot do the following:
+
To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot, do the following:
  
 
* Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login  
 
* Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login  
* Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous xwindows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
+
* Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous X Windows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
* motion.conf - amend /etc/motion/motion.conf to the settings you want (ie video output directory, record only video, record in mpeg4, set frame rate etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
+
* motion.conf - edit /etc/motion/motion.conf to use the settings you want (that is, video output directory, record only video, record in MPEG-4, set frame rate, etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
* Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it has the following text in it:
+
* Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it contains the following lines:
  
 
  #! /bin/sh
 
  #! /bin/sh
Line 543: Line 546:
 
This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.
 
This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.
  
Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed) the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet Connection this can be achieved with the ntpdate app.
+
Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed), the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet connection this can be achieved using the ntpdate application.
 +
 
 +
== Robotics ==
 +
 
 +
=== ROS ===
 +
Willow Garage hosts the open source Robotic Operating System (ROS). While it is natively supported in Ubuntu, the official packages are only for the x86 platform. ROS can be installed from source and is generally easy to do so (although slow).
 +
 
 +
Following the instructions from here will build and install ROS on your BeagleBoard:
 +
 
 +
http://www.ros.org/wiki/cturtle/Installation/Ubuntu/SVN
 +
 
 +
You will need an Internet connection for your BeagleBoard for these scripts to work.
 +
 
 +
For more information about ROS, see www.ros.org.

Revision as of 07:53, 12 April 2014

(For BeagleBoardAngstrom, click here.) (Should Beagleboard:Ubuntu On BeagleBone Black be merged into this page?)

This page is about running a Linux distribution (ARM EABI) Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from the SD card. Since much of this page is generic, it has also been extended to help support devices such as the PandaBoard and BeagleBone.

  • For the best experience, make sure you have an LCD/HDMI monitor attached to the BeagleBoard's HDMI port, 2 GB/4 GB/8 GB SD card, and a known good USB 2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.

Help

If you need any help:

  • Ubuntu related help:
    • #ubuntu-arm: Ubuntu's ARM IRC on Freenode (logs -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
  • When requesting help, please provide some debugging information:
    • U-Boot Version installed on board
    • Kernel Version: uname -a
    • pastebin dmesg
      • Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)

Required Beagle Software

Mainline U-Boot:

  • All older BeagleBoard (classic) Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx boards are required to upgrade to at least these U-Boot versions
  • XM Boards have no NAND, so MLO/u-boot.img is always required on the first partition
  • Directions: Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot

Omap Serial Changes

boot.scr/boot.cmd changes:

With 2.6.35:

console=ttyS2,115200n8

With 2.6.36/37+:

console=ttyO2,115200n8

Serial console login: /etc/init/ttyO2.conf

start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty 115200 ttyO2

Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image

Demo Image

  • These demonstration images contain a custom Mainline based kernel with experimental enhancements to the boards supported. They are usually updated about once a month, as new features/enhancements get added by the community. Currently, this image ships with two kernels "armv7" which is for mainline omap3+ devices (BeagleBoard/PandaBoard) and the "bone" which is specifically for the BeagleBone. The kernel is stress-tested by a farm of Panda/Beagles running 24/7 under a heavy load (building gcc trunk/mainline kernel).
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform.git
cd armv7-multiplatform
git checkout origin/v3.13.x -b tmp
./build_kernel.sh
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/linux-dev.git
cd linux-dev
git checkout origin/am33x-v3.8 -b tmp
./build_kernel.sh
  • Advanced Users only: Userspace, used in these demo images:
https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder

Saucy 13.10

Image Updated:

  • 2014-02-16
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.3-armv7-x10 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
  • 2014-01-24
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.0-armv7-x9 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
  • 2013-12-17
    • Beagle xM (ONLY): v3.12.5-armv7-x10 kernel (--dtb dt-beagle-xm)
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel
    • Beagle/Panda/Panda ES: v3.7.10-x13 kernel

Services Active:

Note: Depending on your internal network these may work out of the box
Apache, Port 80: http://arm/ (Bone: via usb) http://192.168.7.2
SSH, Port 22: ssh ubuntu@arm (Bone: via usb) ubuntu@192.168.7.2
Getty, Serial Port

Default user: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/saucy/ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
2a1e70288dcfca3ccbd6785c4bd6c73b  ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz

Unpack Image:

tar xf ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
cd ubuntu-13.10-console-armhf-2014-02-16

If you don't know the location of your SD card:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc

You should see something like:

Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...

fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes <- x86 Root Drive
Disk /dev/sdd: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes <- MMC/SD card

lsblk:
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0 446.9G  0 part /  <- x86 Root Partition
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0  18.9G  0 part [SWAP]
sdd      8:48   1   3.7G  0 disk 
├─sdd1   8:49   1    64M  0 part 
└─sdd2   8:50   1   3.6G  0 part 
  • In this example, we can see via mount, /dev/sda1 is the x86 rootfs, therefore /dev/sdd is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by ./setup_sdcard.sh...

Install Image:

Quick install script for [board]

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot board

[board] options:

  • BeagleBone/Black - bone

So for the BeagleBone:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot bone

Quick install script for [board] (using new --dtb option)

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb board

board options:

  • BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx/Dx - omap3-beagle
  • BeagleBoard xM - omap3-beagle-xm

So for the BeagleBoard xM:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm

Advanced: Build Image:

Built with a fork of project-rootstock (ARM native mode, runs directly on BeagleBoard), using a script from omap-image-builder:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder.git
cd omap-image-builder
git checkout v2014.02 -b tmp
touch release
./rcn-ee_image.sh

Trusty 14.04 (experimental)

Image Updated:

  • 2014-02-16
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.3-armv7-x10 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
  • 2014-01-24
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.0-armv7-x9 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
  • 2013-12-17
    • Beagle xM (ONLY): v3.12.5-armv7-x10 kernel (--dtb dt-beagle-xm)
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel
    • Beagle/Panda/Panda ES: v3.7.10-x13 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/trusty/ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
45a9ef3c12ad2129087492ab00e2e103  ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz

Unpack image:

tar xf ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16.tar.xz
cd ubuntu-trusty-console-armhf-2014-02-16

Then follow the directions shown above with the other images...

Flasher

eMMC: BeagleBone Black

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or the win32 image program linked to on CircuitCo's wiki page. First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power (same procedure as the official CircuitCo images). The board should boot into Ubuntu and begin flashing the eMMC, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON. Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.

Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)

https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/beaglebone-black-eMMC-flasher.sh

BTW: we are only writing about 500 megabytes to the eMMC, so the script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.

Notes:

  • If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
  • If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.
    • (error -84: which may mean you've reached the max number of erase/write cycles...)

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Image Updated:

  • 2014-02-16
    • BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
  • 2014-01-24
    • BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
  • 2013-12-17
    • BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/flasher/saucy/BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
77fefe8d4eb942981068534f518a9fbe  BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz

Follow the "standard" update procedure.

http://circuitco.com/support/index.php?title=Updating_The_Software

Linux:

unxz BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

raw microSD img

BeagleBoard xM

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or the win32 image program linked to on CircuitCo's wiki page. First press and hold the boot select button (next to microSD card), then apply power (same procedure as the official CircuitCo images). The board should boot into Ubuntu.

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2014-02-16
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.13.3-armv7-x10 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/microsd/saucy/bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
3cb914ae8fb848139ba7311b980b54c0  bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./bbxm-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or the win32 image program linked to on CircuitCo's wiki page. First press and hold the boot select button (next to microSD card), then apply power (same procedure as the official CircuitCo images). The board should boot into Ubuntu.

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2014-02-16
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone40 kernel
  • 2014-01-24
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone37 kernel
  • 2013-12-17
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.8.13-bone32 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.net/deb/microsd/saucy/bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
2402742d35478531294edd930cc79a40  bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./bone-ubuntu-13.10-2014-02-16-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

Method 2: Use the NetInstall method

You will need a 1GB/2GB/4GB/8GB SD card or greater.

Standard system : ~700 MB

Report Bugs/Issues to: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/issues (anywhere else will be ignored..)

Download the netinstall script:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall.git
cd netinstall

Currently supported Ubuntu distributions:

--distro oneiric (11.10)
--distro precise-armhf (12.04)
--distro quantal (12.10)
--distro raring (13.04)
--distro saucy (13.10)

Device: <board> selection:

*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx  - omap3-beagle
*BeagleBoard xMA/B/C   - omap3-beagle-xm
*BeagleBone Ax         - am335x-bone-serial
*BeagleBone (DVI cape) - am335x-bone-video
*BeagleBone Black      - am335x-boneblack
*PandaBoard Ax     - omap4-panda
*PandaBoard A4+    - omap4-panda-a4
*PandaBoard ES     - omap4-panda-es

Installation script for new <board> selection: (slowly migrating all devices to this method)

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb <board> --distro <distro>

So for the xM: with quantal:

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm --distro quantal
  • Other Options:
    • --firmware : installs firmware
    • --serial-mode : debian-installer uses Serial Port

Place SD card into BeagleBoard and boot:

Configure the network:

usb0: USB net <- (usually the OTG port)
eth0: USB net <- (usually the smsc95xx adapter on the BeagleBoard and PandaBoard)
wlan0: Wifi <- Your USDB-Wi-Fi device.. 

See my notes for my testing procedure: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/blob/master/test.Ubuntu

Troubleshooting: If booting fails..

  • Hold the user button down to force booting from MMC
  • Upgrade X-loader and U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot
  • Clear U-boot's Environment Variables in NAND:
nand erase 260000 20000

NetInstall assumptions:

Assume asll <default>'s... Thanks you preseed.conf!!!

Method 3: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)

Note, this section used to have a lot of details, but maintenance of the two wiki's became a pain, so for now on we will just link to my other pages:

Beagle/Beagle xM

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBoard

BeagleBone

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone

Panda/Panda ES

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/PandaBoard

Advanced

Install Latest Kernel Image

Script:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull

Stable:

./update_kernel.sh

Testing:

./update_kernel.sh --beta-kernel

Custom: (has to be on rcn-ee.net)

./update_kernel.sh --kernel v3.8.13-bone37

Reboot with your new Kernel Image.

Upgrade X-loader and U-boot

  • Note: the functionality of the "X-Loader" project has been merged as u-boot spl.

Compatibility with older Ax, Bx, Cx, and Dx BeagleBoards

Note: Sometimes on these older boards, you just have to clear out the stored U-Boot environment variables in NAND to make this script work:

nand erase 260000 20000

Or: To fully erase the entire NAND:

nand erase.chip

Requires MMC card:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/flasher.git
cd flasher

For the Beagle Ax/Bx

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_bx

For the Beagle Cx/Dx

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_cx
1: Plug-in a serial cable and start the serial terminal program
2: Place MMC card in Beagle
3: Push and hold the user button
4: Plug-in power
5: Wait for U-Boot countdown to finish, then release the user button
6: Wait for flashing/script to end
7: Power down, remove and reformat MMC card to final OS

If you don't know the location of your SD card:

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --probe-mmc

You should see something like:

Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...

fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes <- x86 Root Drive
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes <- MMC/SD card

mount:
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) <- x86 Root Partition
  • In this example, we can see via mount, /dev/sda1 is the x86 rootfs, therefore /dev/mmcblk0 is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by the ./mk_mmc.sh script.

SGX Video Acceleration

BeagleBone (BBW) & BeagleBone Black (BBB)

SGX support will most likely be included with Kernel 3.12 (see TI Graphics SDK release 5.01.00.01), which is being worked on now (January 2014).

Xorg Drivers

Script:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/
git pull

BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-omapdrm.sh

BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-tilcdc.sh

Building the Kernel

https://github.com/RobertCNelson/stable-kernel

Download Source:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/stable-kernel.git

Build the kernel:

./build_kernel.sh

Optionally building the *.deb file:

./build_deb.sh

Swapfile

Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition

On the Beagleboard you should expect to require a swap file given the limitation of how little RAM is available (between 256 MB and 512 MB). Some system programs like apt-get will only run properly when some swap space is present (due to 256 MB not being enough RAM).

Some images (such as those from Linaro.org) do not come with a swap partition or any swap space allocated.

Under Linux, swap space can be either a dedicated partition or a swap file. Both can be mounted as swap which the OS can access.

Creating a Swapfile

The following commands will create a 1 GB file, limit access only to root, format it as swap and then make it available to the OS:

sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/   
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/swapfile 
sudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/swapfile 
sudo swapon /var/cache/swap/swapfile 

To tell the OS to load this swapfile on each start up, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following additional line:

/var/cache/swap/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0   0

To verify that the swapfile is accessilble as swap to the OS, run "top" or "htop" at a console.

Ubuntu Software

Wi-Fi Networking (command line)

/etc/network/interfaces

It is relatively easy to configure a Wi-Fi card from the command line.

You will need to edit the /etc/network/interfaces file. There are several guides available via Google.

This is a particularly useful guide https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202834

A sample /etc/network/interfaces file for a WPA2 encrypted access point is:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid <NAME OF AP>
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk <INSERT KEY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>

Your Wi-Fi card will automatically load these settings upon startup and initialize wireless network access.

Lightweight window managers

If you intend to use Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard you can install JWM or IceWM to improve performance.

JWM in particular uses little RAM. On a BeagleBoard with 256 MB, using JWM will leave about 60 MB free in which to run applications.

Web Apps

Midori

Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a lightweight browser is more responsive. Midori is a lightweight browser that still supports flash, etc. It is available from the standard repositories: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29

Surveillance

Motion

If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam, etc.) which appears as /dev/video0, etc. then you can use the Linux surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.

Motion is also available from the standard repositories: http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27 Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with a 15 fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.

To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot, do the following:

  • Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login
  • Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous X Windows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
  • motion.conf - edit /etc/motion/motion.conf to use the settings you want (that is, video output directory, record only video, record in MPEG-4, set frame rate, etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
  • Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it contains the following lines:
#! /bin/sh
/usr/bin/motion -c /etc/motion/motion.conf

This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.

Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed), the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet connection this can be achieved using the ntpdate application.

Robotics

ROS

Willow Garage hosts the open source Robotic Operating System (ROS). While it is natively supported in Ubuntu, the official packages are only for the x86 platform. ROS can be installed from source and is generally easy to do so (although slow).

Following the instructions from here will build and install ROS on your BeagleBoard:

http://www.ros.org/wiki/cturtle/Installation/Ubuntu/SVN

You will need an Internet connection for your BeagleBoard for these scripts to work.

For more information about ROS, see www.ros.org.