Difference between revisions of "BeagleBoardUbuntu"

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[[Category:Development Boards]]
 
[[Category:Development Boards]]
 
[[Category: BeagleBoard]]
 
[[Category: BeagleBoard]]
This page is about running a (ARM EABI) [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] distribution at [[BeagleBoard]]. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from [[BeagleBoard#MMC.2FSD_boot|SD card]].
+
''(For BeagleBoardAngstrom, click [[BeagleBoardAngstrom|here]].)''
 +
''(Should [[Beagleboard:Ubuntu On BeagleBone Black]] be merged into this page?)''
  
Note: for the best experience, make sure you have an LCD attached to the HDMI port, 2GB/4GB/8GB SD card, and a known good usb2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.
+
This page is about running a Linux distribution (ARM [https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort EABI]) [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] on the [[BeagleBoard]]. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from the [[BeagleBoard#MMC.2FSD_boot|SD card]]. Since much of this page is generic, it has also been extended to help support devices such as the [[PandaBoard]] and [[BeagleBone]].
 +
 
 +
* For the best experience, make sure you have an LCD/HDMI monitor attached to the BeagleBoard's HDMI port, 2 GB/4 GB/8 GB SD card, and a known good USB 2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.
  
 
= Help =
 
= Help =
Line 12: Line 15:
  
 
*Kernel related help:
 
*Kernel related help:
** [http://groups.google.com/group/beagleboard Email Beagleboard user group] *Recommended method
+
** [https://groups.google.com/group/beagleboard Email Beagleboard user group] *Recommended method
** ''#beagle'': Beagle irc on freenode, accessible also by [http://beagleboard.org/discuss web interface] ([http://www.beagleboard.org/irclogs/index.php logs])
+
** ''#beagle'': Beagle IRC on Freenode, accessible also by [http://beagleboard.org/discuss web interface] ([http://www.beagleboard.org/irclogs/index.php logs])
** [https://launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel Launchpad Project "Beagleboard Kernel"]
+
** Kernel Trees
*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable Stable Kernel 2.6.33 src]
+
*** [https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform/ v3.17.x kernel branch]
*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6.34-devel Development Kernel src]
+
*** [https://github.com/RobertCNelson/linux-dev Development Kernel source code]
** [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuKernel Kernel Testing Results]
 
  
 
*Ubuntu related help:
 
*Ubuntu related help:
** ''#ubuntu-arm'': Ubuntu's arm irc on freenode ([http://irclogs.ubuntu.com/ logs] -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
+
** ''#ubuntu-arm'': Ubuntu's ARM IRC on Freenode ([http://irclogs.ubuntu.com/ logs] -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
  
*When asking for help, please provide some debugging information:
+
*When requesting help, please provide some debugging information:
 
** U-Boot Version installed on board
 
** U-Boot Version installed on board
 
** Kernel Version: uname -a
 
** Kernel Version: uname -a
Line 28: Line 30:
 
*** Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)
 
*** Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)
  
= Recommended Beagle Software =  
+
= Required Beagle Software =  
  
X-loader/MLO (1.4.4ss) & U-Boot (2010.03) (Zippy1 & Zippy2 Support)
+
Mainline U-Boot:
* All Bx, C2/3/4 Boards should upgrade there MLO and U-Boot versions.
+
* All older BeagleBoard (classic) Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx boards are required to upgrade to at least these U-Boot versions
 +
* XM Boards have no NAND, so MLO/u-boot.img is always required on the first partition
 
* Directions: [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
 
* Directions: [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
  
=Demo Image=
+
= Omap Serial Changes =
== Lucid 10.04 ==
+
 
 +
boot.scr/boot.cmd changes:
 +
 
 +
With 2.6.35:
 +
console=ttyS2,115200n8
 +
 
 +
With 2.6.36/37+:
 +
console=ttyO2,115200n8
 +
 
 +
Serial console login: /etc/init/ttyO2.conf
 +
start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
 +
stop on runlevel [!2345]
 +
 +
respawn
 +
exec /sbin/getty 115200 ttyO2
 +
 
 +
= Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image =
 +
 
 +
== Demo Image ==
 +
 
 +
* '''Advanced Users only''': Beagle xM: Kernel source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform
 +
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform.git
 +
cd armv7-multiplatform
 +
git checkout origin/v4.0.x -b tmp
 +
./build_kernel.sh
 +
* '''Advanced Users only''': BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:  Kernel v3.14.x source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev/tree/ti-linux-3.14.y
 +
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev.git
 +
cd ti-linux-kernel-dev
 +
git checkout origin/ti-linux-3.14.y -b tmp
 +
./build_kernel.sh
  
Built with:
+
=== Ubuntu (14.04.2) ===
sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G \
+
 
--seed wget,nano,linux-firmware,wireless-tools,usbutils --dist lucid --serial ttyS2 \
+
Default username/password:
--script fixup.sh --components "main universe multiverse" \
+
*username: ubuntu
--kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/lucid/v2.6.32.11-l13/linux-image-2.6.32.11-l13_1.0lucid_armel.deb
+
*password: temppwd
 +
 
 +
Image Updated:
 +
*2015-05-08
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v4.0.2-armv7-x2 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
** OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
** BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
*2015-04-09
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v4.0.0-rc7-armv7-x1 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
** OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
** BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
*2015-02-19
 +
** Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.19.0-armv7-x3 kernel
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
 +
** OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
 +
** BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
 +
 
 +
Services Active:
 +
Note: Depending on your internal network these may work out of the box
 +
Apache, Port 80: http://arm.local/ (Bone: via usb) http://192.168.7.2
 +
SSH, Port 22: ssh ubuntu@arm.local (Bone: via usb) ubuntu@192.168.7.2
 +
Getty, Serial Port
 +
 
 +
Default user: ubuntu pass: temppwd
  
 
Get prebuilt image:
 
Get prebuilt image:
 +
wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz
 +
 +
Verify Image with:
 +
md5sum ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz
 +
07a60b8ef58a7b51462ae7672734d423  ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz
  
  wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
Unpack Image:
mirrors (updating):
+
  tar xf ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz
wget http://ynezz.ibawizard.net/beagleboard/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
  cd ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08
  wget http://vivaphp.net/beagle/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
 
wget http://174.120.189.162/~amit/download/ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
 
  
Unpack it: (sudo apt-get install p7zip-full for 7za)
+
If you don't know the location of your SD card:
 +
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc
  
7za x ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
You should see something like:
tar xf ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar
 
cd ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel
 
  
Quick Install script for Beagle Bx, C2 & C3
+
Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...
  ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle
+
 +
  fdisk -l:
 +
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes '''<- x86 Root Drive'''
 +
Disk /dev/sdd: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes '''<- MMC/SD card'''
 +
 +
lsblk:
 +
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
 +
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
 +
├─sda1  8:1    0 446.9G  0 part /  '''<- x86 Root Partition'''
 +
├─sda2  8:2    0    1K  0 part
 +
└─sda5  8:5    0  18.9G  0 part [SWAP]
 +
sdd      8:48  1  3.7G  0 disk
 +
├─sdd1  8:49  1    64M  0 part
 +
└─sdd2  8:50  1  3.6G  0 part
  
Quick Install script for Beagle C4 (forces 720Mhz)
+
* In this example, we can see via mount, '''/dev/sda1''' is the x86 rootfs, therefore '''/dev/sdd''' is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by ./setup_sdcard.sh...
./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_c4
 
  
*Hotfix for users with cards that are mounted as "/dev/mmcblk0p1" that will be included in the next upload (most netbooks with integrated mmc card..)
+
Install Image:
wget http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/image-builder/download/head:/setup_sdcard.sh-20100409005705-0qmm36b13opq2x2z-1/setup_sdcard.sh
 
  
*Additional Options
+
Quick install script for [board]
** --rootfs <ext3 default>
+
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb board
** --swap_file <swap file size in MB's>
 
  
md5sum: 71c9f2372283752a7f410075001c1d76  ubuntu-10.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+
board options:
 +
*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx/Dx    - omap3-beagle
 +
*BeagleBoard xM            - omap3-beagle-xm
 +
*BeagleBone/Black          - beaglebone
 +
*OMAP5432 uEVM              - omap5-uevm
 +
*BeagleBoard-X15            - am57xx-beagle-x15
  
== Lucid 10.04 Xfce4 ==
+
So for the BeagleBoard xM:
 +
sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm
  
Removed due to broken gdm (users not shown, default to xterm) Should have a new upload in a couple days.
+
Advanced: Build Image:
  
= NetInstall Method =
+
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder.git
 +
cd omap-image-builder
 +
git checkout v2015.05 -b tmp
  
The NetInstall Method, allows you to install Ubuntu directly onto your Beagle by pre-populating a boot image that will perform the complete install.  The boot arg's are stored in boot.scr which will be copied to the first partition.
+
Stable:
  
Recommended:
+
./RootStock-NG.sh -c rcn-ee_console_ubuntu_trusty_armhf
* 2GB+ SD card
 
* USB Ethernet/Wifi
 
  
Script Source: https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/debian-di
+
== Flasher ==
  
Install bzr
+
=== eMMC: BeagleBone Black ===
sudo apt-get install bzr
 
  
Download debian-di script
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager  First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power. On bootup the board should indicate it has started the flashing procedure visually via a Cylon Sweep pattern shown on the 4 LED's next to the ethernet jack. Progress is reported on both the serial debug and hdmi connectors, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON.  Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.
bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/debian-di
 
  
Discover SD/MMC Partition
+
Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)
  sudo fdisk -l
+
  https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh
  
Run Script
+
This script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.
cd debian-di
 
./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --distro lucid --firmware
 
  
*Options:
+
Notes:
**--distro : lucid
+
* If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
**--firmware : install firmware for WiFi devices
+
* If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.
**--serial-mode : force NetInstall to use Serial Port
 
  
Note: The default options work for most people, but if you'd like to tweak boot settings, edit these before running the script.
+
User: ubuntu
+
pass: temppwd
NetInstall boot Settings:
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/dvi.cmd
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/serial.cmd
 
 
Normal Boot Settings:
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/dvi-normal-lucid.cmd
 
gedit ./debian-di/scripts/serial-normal-lucid.cmd
 
  
Place SD card into Beagle and Boot
+
Image Updated:
 +
*2015-05-08
 +
** BeagleBone Black: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
*2015-04-09
 +
** BeagleBone Black: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
*2015-02-19
 +
** BeagleBone Black: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
  
Troubshooting: If boot fails..
+
Get prebuilt image:
*Upgrade X-loader and U-boot [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
+
wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/flasher/BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
*Clear U-boot's Environment Variables in nand:
+
 
  nand erase 260000 20000
+
Verify Image with:
 +
md5sum BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
  000c2129bc7e1aecc170824011ab9281  BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
NetInstall assumptions:
+
Follow the "standard" update procedure.
  Continue with out Kernel Modules <yes>
+
  http://elinux.org/Beagleboard:Updating_The_Software
Partition <Guided - use the largest continuous free space>
 
  
= RootStock: Build an Ubuntu root file system =
+
Linux:
 +
unxz BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
sudo dd if=./BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
== Ubuntu Version's ==
+
== raw microSD img ==
This guide only covers the latest Ubuntu stable (lucid) release and notes for the testing (lucid+1) dists.  Notes for older release's can be found here:
 
  
* Jaunty, aka Ubuntu 9.04, is the very-old-stable version (armv5 optimized)
+
=== BeagleBoard (classic) ===
** TODO: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuJaunty
 
* Karmic, aka Ubuntu 9.10, is the old-stable version  (armv6 optimized)
 
** http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuKarmic
 
* Lucid, aka Ubuntu 10.04 is the stable version (armv7 optimized)
 
** TODO: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuLucid
 
* Maverick, aka Ubuntu 10.10 is the development version. Currently listed here as 'testing'. (armv7 optimized)
 
** TODO: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuMaverick
 
  
== Install RootStock ==
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager
  
This is based off Ubuntu's RootStock Project; [https://launchpad.net/project-rootstock RootStock] script.
+
User: ubuntu
 +
pass: temppwd
  
Debian Squeeze
+
Auto partition resize:
  (unsupported as tested on 4/28/2010, qemu segfaults)
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools
 +
git pull
 +
./grow_partition.sh
 +
sudo reboot
  
Karmic (9.10)
+
Image Updated:
sudo apt-get install (FIXME: rootstock minimum requirements)
+
*2015-05-08
bzr branch lp:project-rootstock
+
** Beagle: v4.0.2-armv7-x2 kernel
cd project-rootstock
+
*2015-04-09
bzr revert -r 94  (Commit 95, isn't supported by Karmic's QEMU)
+
** Beagle: v4.0.0-rc7-armv7-x1 kernel
*qemu: unknown parameter 'aio' in 'file=/tmp/tmp.QxNNQAxEyv/qemu-armel-201004221701.img,aio=native,cache=none'
+
*2015-02-19
 +
** Beagle: v3.19.0-armv7-x3 kernel
  
Lucid (10.04)
+
Get prebuilt image:
sudo apt-get install rootstock
+
wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
== RootStock ==
+
Verify Image with:
 +
md5sum bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
c4edccaf648f0edab0724c0f4359c1ca  bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
=== RootStock: Useful seed Packages ===
+
Linux:
 +
unxz bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
sudo dd if=./bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
Useful Packages:
+
=== BeagleBoard xM ===
linux-firmware,wireless-tools :wifi adapters..
 
ntpdate :sync real time clock from network
 
  
GUI's (broken bug: FIXME)
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager
xfce4: xfce4,gdm,xubuntu-gdm-theme,xubuntu-artwork
 
  
=== RootStock: Running ===
+
User: ubuntu
 +
pass: temppwd
  
Rootstock Command line:
+
Auto partition resize:
  sudo ./rootstock --fqdn <hostname> --login <rootuser> --password <rootuserpasswd> --imagesize <qemu image size> \
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools
  --seed <packages> --dist <jaunty/karmic/lucid> --serial <ttySx> --kernel-image <http>
+
  git pull
 +
./grow_partition.sh
 +
  sudo reboot
  
Basic Lucid (10.04) Beagleboard minimal image:
+
Image Updated:
sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G \
+
*2015-05-08
--seed wget,nano,linux-firmware,wireless-tools,usbutils --dist lucid --serial ttyS2 \
+
** Beagle xM: v4.0.2-armv7-x2 kernel
--components "main universe multiverse" \
+
*2015-04-09
--kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/linux-image-2.6.33.4-l3_1.0lucid_armel.deb
+
** Beagle xM: v4.0.0-rc7-armv7-x1 kernel
 +
*2015-02-19
 +
** Beagle xM: v3.19.0-armv7-x3 kernel
  
Upon Completion, you should have:
+
Get prebuilt image:
  armel-rootfs-<date>.tgz  -> Root file System, dump to ext2/3 partition of SD card
+
  wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
vmlinuz-2.6.<version>    -> Boot Image, use mkimage to create uImage and dump to the first fat16 partition of SD card
 
initrd.img-2.6.<version> -> Boot initramfs, use mkimage to create uInitrd and dump to the first fat16 partition of SD card
 
  
== Partition SD Card ==
+
Verify Image with:
You will need a 1GB SD card or greater.
+
md5sum bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  Standard Console System : ~286MB
+
  72c5fbcb75a9caacc6bfff2deaade6e9 bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  + Desktop environment (lxde,gdm) : ~479MB
 
  
Starting with an empty SD card and using gparted, create:
+
Linux:
  50 MiB Primary Partition, fat16/fat32
+
  unxz bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  Rest as ext2/ext3/ext4/btrfs
+
  sudo dd if=./bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
Gparted Example: http://nishanthmenon.blogspot.com/2008/08/how-to-boot-beagle.html
+
=== BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black ===
  
For Reference:
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager
Disk /dev/sdd: 2038 MB, 2038431744 bytes
+
 
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 247 cylinders
+
User: ubuntu
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
+
pass: temppwd
Disk identifier: 0x0008e471
 
 
    Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
 
/dev/sdd1              1          6      48163+  6  FAT16
 
/dev/sdd2              7        247    1935832+  83  Linux
 
  
== Copy Root File System to SD Card ==
+
Auto partition resize:
 +
cd /opt/scripts/tools
 +
git pull
 +
./grow_partition.sh
 +
sudo reboot
  
Mount your SD card's larger root file system partition (assuming /dev/sdX2) and 'untar' the rootfs into it.
+
Image Updated:
 +
*2015-05-08
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
*2015-04-09
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
*2015-02-19
 +
** BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
  
  mkdir -p ./tmp
+
Get prebuilt image:
sudo mount /dev/sdX2 ./tmp
+
  wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo tar xfp armel-rootfs-*.tgz -C ./tmp
 
sudo umount ./tmp
 
  
== Boot Partition ==
+
Verify Image with:
 +
md5sum bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
4a6a1addbcd0e9eea41756947963eccc  bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
Requirements:
+
Linux:
 +
unxz bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
sudo dd if=./bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage
+
=== OMAP5432 uEVM ===
  
=== U-Boot uImage ===
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager
  
U-Boot needs a compatible kernel image to boot.  To do this, we are using mkimage from (uboot-mkimage) to create an image from the vmlinuz kernel file.
+
User: ubuntu
 +
pass: temppwd
  
  mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n "Linux" -d ./vmlinuz-* ./uImage
+
Auto partition resize:
 +
cd /opt/scripts/tools
 +
git pull
 +
  ./grow_partition.sh
 +
sudo reboot
  
=== U-Boot uInitrd ===
+
Image Updated:
 +
*2015-05-08
 +
** OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
*2015-04-09
 +
** OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
*2015-02-19
 +
** OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
  
This step is Optional, but it helps with the lucid and Lucid++ experience.
+
Get prebuilt image:
 +
wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
  mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n initramfs -d ./initrd.img-* ./uInitrd
+
Verify Image with:
 +
  md5sum omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
ab6222ad20ff8fd61a0e97aa08cf5aee  omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
=== U-Boot Boot Scripts ===
+
Linux:
The version of U-Boot installed or recommended to install uses boot scripts by defaultThis allows users to easily switch between multiple SD cards with different OS's with different parameters installed. Ubuntu/Debian requires a slight modification to the bootargs line vs. Angstrom, 'ro' vs 'rw'.
+
unxz omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
  sudo dd if=./omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  
fixrtc: (only uInitrd) Resets RTC based on last mount
+
=== BeagleBoard-X15 ===
buddy=${buddy}: (both) Kernel Zippy1/2 Support
 
  
create ubuntu.cmd
+
This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager
setenv bootcmd 'mmc init; fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 uImage; bootm 0x80300000'
 
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait ro vram=12M omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60 buddy=${buddy}
 
boot
 
  
With optional uInitrd:
+
User: ubuntu
create ubuntu.cmd:
+
pass: temppwd
setenv bootcmd 'mmc init; fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 uImage; fatload mmc 0:1 0x81600000 uInitrd; bootm 0x80300000 0x81600000'
 
setenv bootargs console=tty0 console=ttyS2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait ro vram=12M omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60 fixrtc buddy=${buddy}
 
boot
 
  
Use mkimage create to actual *.scr file for U-Boot:
+
Auto partition resize:
 +
cd /opt/scripts/tools
 +
git pull
 +
./grow_partition.sh
 +
sudo reboot
  
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n "Ubuntu 10.04" -d ./ubuntu.cmd ./ubuntu.scr
+
Image Updated:
 +
*2015-05-08
 +
** BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
 +
*2015-04-09
 +
** BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
 +
*2015-02-19
 +
** BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
  
=== Copy to Boot Partition ===
+
Get prebuilt image:
 +
wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
Mount your SD card fat16/fat32 partition (assuming /dev/sdX1) and copy the uImage, boot.scr, and optional uInitrd to the first partition.
+
Verify Image with:
 +
md5sum bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
 +
3e81571dc00e0b14b68473b59b0d1bd5  bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
  
  mkdir -p ./tmp
+
Linux:
sudo mount /dev/sdX1 ./tmp
+
  unxz bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo cp ./uImage ./tmp/uImage
+
  sudo dd if=./bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX
  sudo cp ./uInitrd ./tmp/uImage
 
 
Beagle:
 
sudo cp ./ubuntu.scr ./tmp/boot.scr
 
 
IGEPv2:
 
sudo cp ./ubuntu.scr ./tmp/boot.ini
 
 
sudo umount ./tmp
 
  
== Ubuntu Bugs & Tweaks ==
+
= Method 2: Use the NetInstall method=
  
===Enable Network Access===
+
You will need a 1GB/2GB/4GB/8GB SD card or greater.
 +
Standard system : ~700&nbsp;MB
  
Modify /etc/network/interfaces
+
Report Bugs/Issues to: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/issues
auto eth0
+
(anywhere else will be ignored..)
iface eth0 inet dhcp
 
  
Manual: From the Command line
+
Download the netinstall script:
  sudo ifconfig -a
+
  git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall.git
sudo dhclient ethX (or wlanX/etc..)
+
cd netinstall
  
Additional Network Setup Information can be found [[BeagleBoardUbuntuNetwork|HERE]]
+
Currently supported Ubuntu distributions:
 +
--distro oneiric (11.10)
 +
--distro precise-armhf (12.04)
 +
--distro quantal (12.10)
 +
--distro raring (13.04)
 +
--distro saucy (13.10)
  
= Advanced =
+
Device: <board> selection:
 +
*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx  - omap3-beagle
 +
*BeagleBoard xMA/B/C  - omap3-beagle-xm
 +
*BeagleBone Ax        - am335x-bone-serial
 +
*BeagleBone (DVI cape) - am335x-bone-video
 +
*BeagleBone Black      - am335x-boneblack
 +
*PandaBoard Ax    - omap4-panda
 +
*PandaBoard A4+    - omap4-panda-a4
 +
*PandaBoard ES    - omap4-panda-es
  
==Install Latest Kernel Image==
+
Installation script for new <board> selection: (slowly migrating all devices to this method)
 +
sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb <board> --distro <distro>
  
===Script File===
+
So for the xM: with quantal:
 +
sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm --distro quantal
  
example: http://www.rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/
+
*Other Options:
+
**--firmware : installs firmware
wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/lucid/v2.6.33.4-l3/install-me.sh
+
**--serial-mode : debian-installer uses Serial Port
/bin/bash install-me.sh
 
  
Reboot with your new uImage
+
Place SD card into BeagleBoard and boot:
  
== Upgrade X-loader and U-boot ==
+
Configure the network:
 +
usb0: USB net <- (usually the OTG port)
 +
eth0: USB net <- (usually the smsc95xx adapter on the BeagleBoard and PandaBoard)
 +
wlan0: Wifi <- Your USDB-Wi-Fi device..
  
Compatible with Bx,C2/3/4
+
See my notes for my testing procedure: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/blob/master/test.Ubuntu
  
Requires MMC card..
+
Troubleshooting: If booting fails..
 +
*Hold the user button down to force booting from MMC
 +
*Upgrade X-loader and U-boot [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
 +
*Clear U-boot's Environment Variables in NAND:
 +
nand erase 260000 20000
  
bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/omap-flasher
+
NetInstall assumptions:
cd omap-flasher
+
  Assume asll <default>'s... Thanks you preseed.conf!!!
  ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX
 
  
1: Place MMC card in Beagle
+
= Method 3: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)=
2: Push/Hold User Button
 
3: Apply Power
 
4: After U-boot loads, let off User Button
 
5: Wait for Flashing to end
 
6: Power down, remove/edit boot.scr from MMC card
 
  
Depending on what's in NAND, you might still have to stop and do this:
+
Note, this section used to have a lot of details, but maintenance of the two wiki's became a pain, so for now on we will just link to my other pages:
  
nand erase 260000 20000
+
== Beagle/Beagle xM ==
  reset
+
  http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBoard
  
===Manual Run===
+
== BeagleBone ==
mmcinit
+
  http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone
mmc init
 
fatload mmc 0:1 0x80200000 x-load.bin.ift
 
nand unlock
 
nand ecc hw
 
nandecc hw
 
nand erase 0 80000
 
nand write 0x80200000 0 20000
 
nand write 0x80200000 20000 20000
 
nand write 0x80200000 40000 20000
 
  nand write 0x80200000 60000 20000
 
 
fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 u-boot.bin
 
nand unlock
 
nand ecc sw
 
nandecc sw
 
nand erase 80000 160000
 
nand write 0x80300000 80000 160000
 
nand erase 260000 20000
 
reset
 
  
== SGX Video Acceleration ==
+
== BeagleBone Black ==
 +
http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone+Black
  
Use a "corporate email" and download the latest (3.01.00.02):
+
== Panda/Panda ES ==
  http://software-dl.ti.com/dsps/dsps_public_sw/sdo_sb/targetcontent/gfxsdk/latest/index_FDS.html
+
  http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/PandaBoard
  
=== Kernel Modules ===
+
= Advanced =
''An older version of these instructions was adapted for the IGEPv2 platform - if you are following this tutorial and have an IGEPv2, consider using http://wiki.jmaustin.org/wiki/IgepSGXUbuntu instead''
 
  
Use the "build_sgx_module.sh" script in 2.6-stable, module source is now in the *.bin
+
==Install Latest Kernel Image==
  
  https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable
+
Script:
 +
  cd /opt/scripts/tools
 +
git pull
  
Directions: (2.6.34+ this will change..)
+
Stable:
bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable
+
  ./update_kernel.sh
cd 2.6-stable
 
./build_kernel.sh
 
  ./build_sgx_modules.sh
 
  
Copy the *.uImage and extract the matching *.modules.tar.gz from the deploy directory to your SD card.
+
Testing:
 +
./update_kernel.sh --beta-kernel
  
Copy the GFX_Linux_SDK.tar.gz examples to either your SD card or another media (large file) then boot your omap board.
+
Custom: (has to be on rcn-ee.net)
 +
./update_kernel.sh --kernel v3.8.13-bone69
  
Run depmod:
+
Reboot with your new Kernel Image.
sudo depmod -a omaplfb
 
  
Tweak System Libraries:
+
== Upgrade X-loader and U-boot ==
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.0
 
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/libXau.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/libXau.so.0
 
  
=== Startup Script ===
+
*Note: the functionality of the "X-Loader" project has been merged as u-boot spl.
  
For 3.01.00.02
+
Compatibility with older Ax, Bx, Cx, and Dx BeagleBoards
  
Copy /opt/pvr/pvr script:
+
Note: Sometimes on these older boards, you just have to clear out the stored U-Boot environment variables in NAND to make this script work:
 +
nand erase 260000 20000
  
Lucid:  
+
Or: To fully erase the entire NAND:
  sudo cp /opt/pvr/pvr /etc/init.d/pvr
+
  nand erase.chip
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/pvr
 
sudo update-rc.d pvr defaults
 
  
Note, if your updating..
+
Requires MMC card:
cat /opt/pvr/pvr | sudo tee /etc/init.d/pvr > /dev/null
 
  
=== Test SGX with a DEMO ===
+
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/flasher.git
 +
cd flasher
  
In GFX_Linux_SDK:
+
For the Beagle Ax/Bx
  cd OGLES/SDKPackage/Binaries/CommonX11/Demos/ChameleonMan
+
  sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_bx
./OGLESChameleonMan
 
  
=== Trouble Shooting ===
+
For the Beagle Cx/Dx
 +
sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_cx
  
  sudo rm /etc/powervr-esrev
+
  1: Plug-in a serial cable and start the serial terminal program
  sudo depmod -a omaplfb
+
2: Place MMC card in Beagle
  sudo /etc/init.d/pvr restart
+
3: Push and hold the user button
 +
4: Plug-in power
 +
  5: Wait for U-Boot countdown to finish, then release the user button
 +
  6: Wait for flashing/script to end
 +
7: Power down, remove and reformat MMC card to final OS
  
== DSP ==
+
If you don't know the location of your SD card:
 +
sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --probe-mmc
  
This is still a major work in progress...
+
You should see something like:
  
Here is one approach: [http://www.elinux.org/BeagleBoard_Ubuntu_%26_DSP_From_Sources BeagleBoard Ubuntu & DSP From Sources]
+
Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...
 +
 +
fdisk -l:
 +
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes '''<- x86 Root Drive'''
 +
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes '''<- MMC/SD card'''
 +
 +
mount:
 +
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) '''<- x86 Root Partition'''
  
== Xorg omapfb Drivers ==
+
* In this example, we can see via mount, '''/dev/sda1''' is the x86 rootfs, therefore '''/dev/mmcblk0''' is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by the ./mk_mmc.sh script.
  
By default Ubuntu will try to use the FBDEV video driver, however for the beagleboard we can take advantage of a more software optimized driver (still not using the sgx video hardware) using the NEON extensions of the Cortex-A8 core.
+
== SGX Drivers ==
  
cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep FBDEV
+
=== SGX BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black ===
(II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
 
(II) FBDEV(0): using default device
 
(II) FBDEV(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
 
(==) FBDEV(0): Depth 16, (==) framebuffer bpp 16
 
(==) FBDEV(0): RGB weight 565
 
  
Login into Ubuntu and open a new terminal, xorg has to be running..
+
NNote, these are FBDEV only, no xorg/x11/etc...
  
xvinfo -display :0.0
+
Install sgx modules (3.14.x ti kernel):
  X-Video Extension version 2.2
+
  sudo apt-get install ti-sgx-es8-modules-`uname -r`
  screen #0
+
  sudo depmod -a `uname -r`
  no adaptors present
+
sudo update-initramfs -uk `uname -r`
  
=== Drivers ===
+
Build SGX userspace (must be done on an x86, due to the TI 5.01.01.01 blob extractor)
 +
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev.git
 +
cd ti-linux-kernel-dev/
 +
git checkout origin/ti-linux-3.14.y -b tmp-sgx
 +
./sgx_create_package.sh
  
Note: These are built with neon optimizations: http://git.debian.org/?p=collab-maint/xf86-video-omapfb.git;a=blob;f=debian/rules;h=c2f0d5391c96c5abb60b1e691ad86bb27e0c17d8;hb=HEAD (line 48/49)
+
Copy ./deploy/GFX_5.01.01.01.tar.gz to BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black and install
 +
sudo tar xfv GFX_5.01.01.01.tar.gz -C /
 +
cd /opt/gfxinstall/
 +
sudo ./sgx-install.sh
 +
  sudo reboot
  
Lucid:
+
Verify omaplfb & pvrsrvkm loaded
  sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-omap3
+
debian@arm:~$ lsmod | grep omaplfb
 +
omaplfb                12065  0
 +
  pvrsrvkm              178782  1 omaplfb
  
To verify it was correctly installed, reboot and:
+
SGX Demos
 +
cd /opt/gfxsdkdemos/ogles2/
 +
sudo ./OGLES2ChameleonMan
  
cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep omapfb
+
== Xorg Drivers ==
(II) LoadModule: "omapfb"
 
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers//omapfb_drv.so
 
(II) Module omapfb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
 
(II) omapfb: Driver for OMAP framebuffer (omapfb) and external LCD controllers:
 
(WW) Error opening /sys/devices/platform/omapfb/ctrl/name: No such file or directory
 
(II) omapfb(0): VideoRAM: 1800KiB (SDRAM)
 
(II) omapfb(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
 
(**) omapfb(0): Depth 16, (--) framebuffer bpp 16
 
(==) omapfb(0): RGB weight 565
 
(==) omapfb(0): Default visual is TrueColor
 
(--) omapfb(0): Virtual size is 1280x720 (pitch 1280)
 
(**) omapfb(0):  Built-in mode "current"
 
(==) omapfb(0): DPI set to (96, 96)
 
(II) omapfb(0): DPMS enabled
 
(II) omapfb(0): Video plane capabilities:
 
(II) omapfb(0): Video plane supports the following image formats:
 
(II) omapfb(0): XVideo extension initialized
 
  
Login into Ubuntu and open a new terminal, xorg has to be running..
+
Script:
 +
cd /opt/scripts/tools/
 +
git pull
  
xvinfo -display :0.0
+
BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:
  X-Video Extension version 2.2
+
  cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
  screen #0
+
  ./ti-omapdrm.sh
  Adaptor #0: "OMAP XV adaptor"
 
    number of ports: 1
 
    port base: 56
 
    operations supported: PutImage
 
    supported visuals:
 
      depth 16, visualID 0x21
 
    number of attributes: 1
 
    etc..
 
  
== S-Video ==
+
BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:
Sorry I don't have an S-Video TV, and this is documented in the source, so it would be really great if someone could fill this section in... --[[User:RobertCNelson|RobertCNelson]] 21:32, 13 July 2009 (UTC)
+
cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
 +
./ti-tilcdc.sh
  
=== NTSC ===
+
= Swapfile =
  
Please use v2.6.29-oer44.1:
+
== Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition ==
  
=== PAL ===
+
On the Beagleboard you should expect to require a swap file given the limitation of how little RAM is available (between 256&nbsp;MB and 512&nbsp;MB). Some system programs like apt-get will only run properly when some swap space is present (due to 256&nbsp;MB not being enough RAM).
  
Please use v2.6.29-oer44.1:
+
Some images (such as those from Linaro.org) do not come with a swap partition or any swap space allocated.
  
== Building Kernel ==
+
Under Linux, swap space can be either a dedicated partition or a swap file. Both can be mounted as swap which the OS can access.
  
https://launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel
+
=== Creating a Swapfile ===
  
Register on launchpad.net, install bzr
+
The following commands will create a 1 GB file, limit access only to root, format it as swap and then make it available to the OS:
sudo apt-get install bzr
 
  
Download SRC
+
sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/ 
  bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable
+
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
 +
sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/swapfile
 +
  sudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/swapfile
 +
sudo swapon /var/cache/swap/swapfile
  
Build Kernel
+
To tell the OS to load this swapfile on each start up, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following additional line:
./build_kernel.sh
 
  
Build SGX Modules
+
  /var/cache/swap/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0  0
  ./build_sgx_modules.sh
 
  
Build Deb File
+
To verify that the swapfile is accessilble as swap to the OS, run "top" or "htop" at a console.
./build_deb.sh
 
  
 
= Ubuntu Software =
 
= Ubuntu Software =
 +
 +
== Wi-Fi Networking (command line) ==
 +
 +
=== /etc/network/interfaces ===
 +
 +
It is relatively easy to configure a Wi-Fi card from the command line.
 +
 +
You will need to edit the /etc/network/interfaces file. There are several guides available via Google.
 +
 +
This is a particularly useful guide https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202834
 +
 +
A sample /etc/network/interfaces file for a WPA2 encrypted access point is:
 +
 +
auto lo
 +
iface lo inet loopback
 +
auto wlan0
 +
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
 +
wpa-driver wext
 +
wpa-ssid <NAME OF AP>
 +
wpa-ap-scan 1
 +
wpa-proto RSN
 +
wpa-pairwise CCMP
 +
wpa-group CCMP
 +
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
 +
wpa-psk <INSERT KEY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>
 +
 +
Your Wi-Fi card will automatically load these settings upon startup and initialize wireless network access.
 +
 +
== Lightweight window managers ==
 +
 +
If you intend to use Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard you can install JWM or IceWM to improve performance.
 +
 +
JWM in particular uses little RAM. On a BeagleBoard with 256&nbsp;MB, using JWM will leave about 60&nbsp;MB free in which to run applications.
  
 
== Web Apps ==
 
== Web Apps ==
  
 
=== Midori ===
 
=== Midori ===
Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a light weight browser is more responsive. Midori is a light weight browser that still supports flash etc
+
Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a lightweight browser is more responsive. Midori is a lightweight browser that still supports flash, etc. It is available from the standard repositories:
It is available from the standard repositories.
 
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29
  
Line 504: Line 616:
  
 
=== Motion ===
 
=== Motion ===
If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam etc) which appears as /dev/video0 etc then you can use the Linux Surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.
+
If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam, etc.) which appears as /dev/video0, etc. then you can use the Linux surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.
  
Motion is also available from the standard repositories.
+
Motion is also available from the standard repositories:
 
http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27
 
http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27
Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with 15 fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.
+
Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with a 15&nbsp;fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.
  
To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot do the following:
+
To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot, do the following:
  
 
* Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login  
 
* Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login  
* Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous xwindows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
+
* Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous X Windows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
* motion.conf - amend /etc/motion/motion.conf to the settings you want (ie video output directory, record only video, record in mpeg4, set frame rate etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
+
* motion.conf - edit /etc/motion/motion.conf to use the settings you want (that is, video output directory, record only video, record in MPEG-4, set frame rate, etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
* Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it has the following text in it:
+
* Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it contains the following lines:
  
 
  #! /bin/sh
 
  #! /bin/sh
Line 522: Line 634:
 
This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.
 
This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.
  
Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed) the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet Connection this can be achieved with the ntpdate app.
+
Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed), the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet connection this can be achieved using the ntpdate application.
 +
 
 +
== Robotics ==
 +
 
 +
=== ROS ===
 +
ROS (Robot Operating System) provides libraries and tools to help software developers create robot applications. It provides hardware abstraction, device drivers, libraries, visualizers, message-passing, package management, and more. ROS is licensed under an open source, BSD license.
 +
 
 +
There are currently builds of ROS for Ubuntu Trusty armhf. These builds include most but not all packages, and save a considerable amount of time compared to doing a full source-based installation:
 +
 
 +
http://wiki.ros.org/indigo/Installation/UbuntuARM
 +
 
 +
Alternatively ROS can be installed from source and is generally easy to do so (although slow).
 +
 
 +
For more information about ROS, see www.ros.org.

Revision as of 19:30, 8 May 2015

(For BeagleBoardAngstrom, click here.) (Should Beagleboard:Ubuntu On BeagleBone Black be merged into this page?)

This page is about running a Linux distribution (ARM EABI) Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from the SD card. Since much of this page is generic, it has also been extended to help support devices such as the PandaBoard and BeagleBone.

  • For the best experience, make sure you have an LCD/HDMI monitor attached to the BeagleBoard's HDMI port, 2 GB/4 GB/8 GB SD card, and a known good USB 2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.

Help

If you need any help:

  • Ubuntu related help:
    • #ubuntu-arm: Ubuntu's ARM IRC on Freenode (logs -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
  • When requesting help, please provide some debugging information:
    • U-Boot Version installed on board
    • Kernel Version: uname -a
    • pastebin dmesg
      • Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)

Required Beagle Software

Mainline U-Boot:

  • All older BeagleBoard (classic) Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx boards are required to upgrade to at least these U-Boot versions
  • XM Boards have no NAND, so MLO/u-boot.img is always required on the first partition
  • Directions: Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot

Omap Serial Changes

boot.scr/boot.cmd changes:

With 2.6.35:

console=ttyS2,115200n8

With 2.6.36/37+:

console=ttyO2,115200n8

Serial console login: /etc/init/ttyO2.conf

start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty 115200 ttyO2

Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image

Demo Image

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform.git
cd armv7-multiplatform
git checkout origin/v4.0.x -b tmp
./build_kernel.sh
git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev.git
cd ti-linux-kernel-dev
git checkout origin/ti-linux-3.14.y -b tmp
./build_kernel.sh

Ubuntu (14.04.2)

Default username/password:

  • username: ubuntu
  • password: temppwd

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v4.0.2-armv7-x2 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
    • OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
    • BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v4.0.0-rc7-armv7-x1 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
    • OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
    • BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • Beagle/Beagle xM: v3.19.0-armv7-x3 kernel
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
    • OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel
    • BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel

Services Active:

Note: Depending on your internal network these may work out of the box
Apache, Port 80: http://arm.local/ (Bone: via usb) http://192.168.7.2
SSH, Port 22: ssh ubuntu@arm.local (Bone: via usb) ubuntu@192.168.7.2
Getty, Serial Port

Default user: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz
07a60b8ef58a7b51462ae7672734d423  ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz

Unpack Image:

tar xf ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08.tar.xz
cd ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08

If you don't know the location of your SD card:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc

You should see something like:

Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...

fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes <- x86 Root Drive
Disk /dev/sdd: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes <- MMC/SD card

lsblk:
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0 446.9G  0 part /  <- x86 Root Partition
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0  18.9G  0 part [SWAP]
sdd      8:48   1   3.7G  0 disk 
├─sdd1   8:49   1    64M  0 part 
└─sdd2   8:50   1   3.6G  0 part 
  • In this example, we can see via mount, /dev/sda1 is the x86 rootfs, therefore /dev/sdd is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by ./setup_sdcard.sh...

Install Image:

Quick install script for [board]

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb board

board options:

  • BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx/Dx - omap3-beagle
  • BeagleBoard xM - omap3-beagle-xm
  • BeagleBone/Black - beaglebone
  • OMAP5432 uEVM - omap5-uevm
  • BeagleBoard-X15 - am57xx-beagle-x15

So for the BeagleBoard xM:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm

Advanced: Build Image:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder.git
cd omap-image-builder
git checkout v2015.05 -b tmp

Stable:

./RootStock-NG.sh -c rcn-ee_console_ubuntu_trusty_armhf

Flasher

eMMC: BeagleBone Black

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power. On bootup the board should indicate it has started the flashing procedure visually via a Cylon Sweep pattern shown on the 4 LED's next to the ethernet jack. Progress is reported on both the serial debug and hdmi connectors, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON. Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.

Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)

https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh

This script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.

Notes:

  • If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
  • If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • BeagleBone Black: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • BeagleBone Black: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • BeagleBone Black: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/flasher/BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
000c2129bc7e1aecc170824011ab9281  BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Follow the "standard" update procedure.

http://elinux.org/Beagleboard:Updating_The_Software

Linux:

unxz BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./BBB-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

raw microSD img

BeagleBoard (classic)

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • Beagle: v4.0.2-armv7-x2 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • Beagle: v4.0.0-rc7-armv7-x1 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • Beagle: v3.19.0-armv7-x3 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
c4edccaf648f0edab0724c0f4359c1ca  bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./bb-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

BeagleBoard xM

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • Beagle xM: v4.0.2-armv7-x2 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • Beagle xM: v4.0.0-rc7-armv7-x1 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • Beagle xM: v3.19.0-armv7-x3 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
72c5fbcb75a9caacc6bfff2deaade6e9  bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./bbxm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
4a6a1addbcd0e9eea41756947963eccc  bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./bone-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

OMAP5432 uEVM

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • OMAP5432 uEVM: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
ab6222ad20ff8fd61a0e97aa08cf5aee  omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./omap5-uevm-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

BeagleBoard-X15

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on linux or on windows: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Win32DiskImager

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

  • 2015-05-08
    • BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.41-ti-r63 kernel
  • 2015-04-09
    • BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.37-ti-r57 kernel
  • 2015-02-19
    • BeagleBoard-X15: v3.14.33-ti-r50 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2015-05-08/microsd/bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

md5sum bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
3e81571dc00e0b14b68473b59b0d1bd5  bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz

Linux:

unxz bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img.xz
sudo dd if=./bbx15-ubuntu-14.04.2-console-armhf-2015-05-08-2gb.img of=/dev/sdX

Method 2: Use the NetInstall method

You will need a 1GB/2GB/4GB/8GB SD card or greater.

Standard system : ~700 MB

Report Bugs/Issues to: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/issues (anywhere else will be ignored..)

Download the netinstall script:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall.git
cd netinstall

Currently supported Ubuntu distributions:

--distro oneiric (11.10)
--distro precise-armhf (12.04)
--distro quantal (12.10)
--distro raring (13.04)
--distro saucy (13.10)

Device: <board> selection:

*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx  - omap3-beagle
*BeagleBoard xMA/B/C   - omap3-beagle-xm
*BeagleBone Ax         - am335x-bone-serial
*BeagleBone (DVI cape) - am335x-bone-video
*BeagleBone Black      - am335x-boneblack
*PandaBoard Ax     - omap4-panda
*PandaBoard A4+    - omap4-panda-a4
*PandaBoard ES     - omap4-panda-es

Installation script for new <board> selection: (slowly migrating all devices to this method)

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb <board> --distro <distro>

So for the xM: with quantal:

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm --distro quantal
  • Other Options:
    • --firmware : installs firmware
    • --serial-mode : debian-installer uses Serial Port

Place SD card into BeagleBoard and boot:

Configure the network:

usb0: USB net <- (usually the OTG port)
eth0: USB net <- (usually the smsc95xx adapter on the BeagleBoard and PandaBoard)
wlan0: Wifi <- Your USDB-Wi-Fi device.. 

See my notes for my testing procedure: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/netinstall/blob/master/test.Ubuntu

Troubleshooting: If booting fails..

  • Hold the user button down to force booting from MMC
  • Upgrade X-loader and U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot
  • Clear U-boot's Environment Variables in NAND:
nand erase 260000 20000

NetInstall assumptions:

Assume asll <default>'s... Thanks you preseed.conf!!!

Method 3: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)

Note, this section used to have a lot of details, but maintenance of the two wiki's became a pain, so for now on we will just link to my other pages:

Beagle/Beagle xM

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBoard

BeagleBone

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone

BeagleBone Black

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone+Black

Panda/Panda ES

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/PandaBoard

Advanced

Install Latest Kernel Image

Script:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull

Stable:

./update_kernel.sh

Testing:

./update_kernel.sh --beta-kernel

Custom: (has to be on rcn-ee.net)

./update_kernel.sh --kernel v3.8.13-bone69

Reboot with your new Kernel Image.

Upgrade X-loader and U-boot

  • Note: the functionality of the "X-Loader" project has been merged as u-boot spl.

Compatibility with older Ax, Bx, Cx, and Dx BeagleBoards

Note: Sometimes on these older boards, you just have to clear out the stored U-Boot environment variables in NAND to make this script work:

nand erase 260000 20000

Or: To fully erase the entire NAND:

nand erase.chip

Requires MMC card:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/flasher.git
cd flasher

For the Beagle Ax/Bx

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_bx

For the Beagle Cx/Dx

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot beagle_cx
1: Plug-in a serial cable and start the serial terminal program
2: Place MMC card in Beagle
3: Push and hold the user button
4: Plug-in power
5: Wait for U-Boot countdown to finish, then release the user button
6: Wait for flashing/script to end
7: Power down, remove and reformat MMC card to final OS

If you don't know the location of your SD card:

sudo ./mk_mmc.sh --probe-mmc

You should see something like:

Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...

fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes <- x86 Root Drive
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes <- MMC/SD card

mount:
/dev/sda1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0) <- x86 Root Partition
  • In this example, we can see via mount, /dev/sda1 is the x86 rootfs, therefore /dev/mmcblk0 is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by the ./mk_mmc.sh script.

SGX Drivers

SGX BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black

NNote, these are FBDEV only, no xorg/x11/etc...

Install sgx modules (3.14.x ti kernel):

sudo apt-get install ti-sgx-es8-modules-`uname -r`
sudo depmod -a `uname -r`
sudo update-initramfs -uk `uname -r`

Build SGX userspace (must be done on an x86, due to the TI 5.01.01.01 blob extractor)

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev.git
cd ti-linux-kernel-dev/
git checkout origin/ti-linux-3.14.y -b tmp-sgx
./sgx_create_package.sh

Copy ./deploy/GFX_5.01.01.01.tar.gz to BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black and install

sudo tar xfv GFX_5.01.01.01.tar.gz -C /
cd /opt/gfxinstall/
sudo ./sgx-install.sh
sudo reboot

Verify omaplfb & pvrsrvkm loaded

debian@arm:~$ lsmod | grep omaplfb
omaplfb                12065  0 
pvrsrvkm              178782  1 omaplfb

SGX Demos

cd /opt/gfxsdkdemos/ogles2/
sudo ./OGLES2ChameleonMan

Xorg Drivers

Script:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/
git pull

BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-omapdrm.sh

BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-tilcdc.sh

Swapfile

Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition

On the Beagleboard you should expect to require a swap file given the limitation of how little RAM is available (between 256 MB and 512 MB). Some system programs like apt-get will only run properly when some swap space is present (due to 256 MB not being enough RAM).

Some images (such as those from Linaro.org) do not come with a swap partition or any swap space allocated.

Under Linux, swap space can be either a dedicated partition or a swap file. Both can be mounted as swap which the OS can access.

Creating a Swapfile

The following commands will create a 1 GB file, limit access only to root, format it as swap and then make it available to the OS:

sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/   
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/swapfile 
sudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/swapfile 
sudo swapon /var/cache/swap/swapfile 

To tell the OS to load this swapfile on each start up, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following additional line:

/var/cache/swap/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0   0

To verify that the swapfile is accessilble as swap to the OS, run "top" or "htop" at a console.

Ubuntu Software

Wi-Fi Networking (command line)

/etc/network/interfaces

It is relatively easy to configure a Wi-Fi card from the command line.

You will need to edit the /etc/network/interfaces file. There are several guides available via Google.

This is a particularly useful guide https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202834

A sample /etc/network/interfaces file for a WPA2 encrypted access point is:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid <NAME OF AP>
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk <INSERT KEY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>

Your Wi-Fi card will automatically load these settings upon startup and initialize wireless network access.

Lightweight window managers

If you intend to use Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard you can install JWM or IceWM to improve performance.

JWM in particular uses little RAM. On a BeagleBoard with 256 MB, using JWM will leave about 60 MB free in which to run applications.

Web Apps

Midori

Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a lightweight browser is more responsive. Midori is a lightweight browser that still supports flash, etc. It is available from the standard repositories: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29

Surveillance

Motion

If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam, etc.) which appears as /dev/video0, etc. then you can use the Linux surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.

Motion is also available from the standard repositories: http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27 Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with a 15 fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.

To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot, do the following:

  • Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login
  • Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous X Windows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
  • motion.conf - edit /etc/motion/motion.conf to use the settings you want (that is, video output directory, record only video, record in MPEG-4, set frame rate, etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
  • Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it contains the following lines:
#! /bin/sh
/usr/bin/motion -c /etc/motion/motion.conf

This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.

Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed), the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet connection this can be achieved using the ntpdate application.

Robotics

ROS

ROS (Robot Operating System) provides libraries and tools to help software developers create robot applications. It provides hardware abstraction, device drivers, libraries, visualizers, message-passing, package management, and more. ROS is licensed under an open source, BSD license.

There are currently builds of ROS for Ubuntu Trusty armhf. These builds include most but not all packages, and save a considerable amount of time compared to doing a full source-based installation:

http://wiki.ros.org/indigo/Installation/UbuntuARM

Alternatively ROS can be installed from source and is generally easy to do so (although slow).

For more information about ROS, see www.ros.org.