BeagleBoard Zippy

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Zippy-base.jpg

Hardware

The BeagleBuddy Zippy Ethernet Combo Board is an expansion board for the BeagleBoard that adds the following:

  • Battery Backed RTC
  • Second MMC slot
  • 10BaseT Ethernet
  • Second RS-232
  • +5V level I2C
  • AT24 EEPROM

Software

  • place these files on your formated SD card per the instuctions at the LinuxBootDiskFormat page
  • boot your BeagleBoard while holding down the "User" button.

System boot

Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Sep  9 2009 - 09:20:15)
Reading boot sector
Loading u-boot.bin from mmc


U-Boot 2009.06-rc2 (Sep 09 2009 - 13:12:40)

OMAP3530-GP ES3.0, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz
OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
DRAM:  256 MB
NAND:  256 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Board revision C
Die ID #197a0003000000000403230911004012
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
mmc1 is available
reading boot.scr

** Unable to read "boot.scr" from mmc 0:1 **
reading uImage

2994264 bytes read
Booting from mmc ...
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 82000000 ...
   Image Name:   Angstrom/2.6.29/beagleboard
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    2994200 Bytes =  2.9 MB
   Load Address: 80008000
   Entry Point:  80008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux...................................................................................................................................................................................
[    0.000000] Linux version 2.6.29-omap1 (dave@linuxdev) (gcc version 4.3.3 (GCC) ) #6 PREEMPT Thu Sep 17 10:11:54 CDT 2009
[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [411fc083] revision 3 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387f
[    0.000000] CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
[    0.000000] Machine: OMAP3 Beagle Board
[    0.000000] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
[    0.000000] OMAP3430 ES3.0
[    0.000000] SRAM: Mapped pa 0x40200000 to va 0xd7000000 size: 0x100000
[    0.000000] Reserving 12582912 bytes SDRAM for VRAM
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS2,115200n8 vram=12M omapfb.mode=dvi:1024x768MR-16@60 omapfb.debug=y omapdss.def_disp=dvi root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext3 rootwait
[    0.000000] Clocking rate (Crystal/DPLL/ARM core): 26.0/332/500 MHz
[    0.000000] GPMC revision 5.0
[    0.000000] IRQ: Found an INTC at 0xd8200000 (revision 4.0) with 96 interrupts
[    0.000000] Total of 96 interrupts on 1 active controller
[    0.000000] OMAP34xx GPIO hardware version 2.5
[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 10, 4096 bytes)
[    0.000000] OMAP clockevent source: GPTIMER12 at 32768 Hz
[    0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[    0.000000] Memory: 128MB 128MB = 256MB total
[    0.000000] Memory: 240896KB available (5632K code, 575K data, 204K init)
[    0.000000] Calibrating delay loop... 486.31 BogoMIPS (lpj=1900544)
[    0.000000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
[    0.000000] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[    0.000000] net_namespace: 1036 bytes
[    0.000000] regulator: core version 0.5
[    0.000000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.000000] Found NAND on CS0
[    0.000000] Registering NAND on CS0
[   19.307373] OMAP DMA hardware revision 4.0
[   19.353057] bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
[   19.411468] OMAP DSS rev 2.0
[   19.411590] OMAP DISPC rev 3.0
[   19.411590] OMAP VENC rev 2
[   19.411773] OMAP DSI rev 1.0
[   19.414916] i2c_omap i2c_omap.1: bus 1 rev3.12 at 2600 kHz
[   19.418914] twl4030: PIH (irq 7) chaining IRQs 368..375
[   19.418945] twl4030: power (irq 373) chaining IRQs 376..383
[   19.419586] twl4030: gpio (irq 368) chaining IRQs 384..401
[   19.422668] regulator: VMMC1: 1850 <--> 3150 mV normal standby
[   19.423645] regulator: VDAC: 1800 mV normal standby
[   19.424560] regulator: VUSB1V5: 1500 <--> 0 mV normal standby
[   19.425506] regulator: VUSB1V8: 1800 <--> 0 mV normal standby
[   19.426422] regulator: VUSB3V1: 3100 <--> 0 mV normal standby
[   19.427398] regulator: VPLL2: 1800 mV normal standby
[   19.428375] regulator: VMMC2: 2800 <--> 3150 mV normal standby
[   19.429321] regulator: VSIM: 1800 <--> 3000 mV normal standby
[   19.441925] i2c_omap i2c_omap.2: bus 2 rev3.12 at 10 kHz
[   19.457122] i2c_omap i2c_omap.3: bus 3 rev3.12 at 100 kHz
[   19.459289] SCSI subsystem initialized
[   19.462982] twl4030_usb twl4030_usb: Initialized TWL4030 USB module
[   19.464752] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[   19.465393] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[   19.465850] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[   19.469146] Bluetooth: Core ver 2.14
[   19.469696] NET: Registered protocol family 31
[   19.469726] Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
[   19.469757] Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
[   19.470520] cfg80211: Using static regulatory domain info
[   19.470520] cfg80211: Regulatory domain: US
[   19.470550]  (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp)
[   19.470581]  (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (600 mBi, 2700 mBm)
[   19.470581]  (5170000 KHz - 5190000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (600 mBi, 2300 mBm)
[   19.470611]  (5190000 KHz - 5210000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (600 mBi, 2300 mBm)
[   19.470642]  (5210000 KHz - 5230000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (600 mBi, 2300 mBm)
[   19.470642]  (5230000 KHz - 5330000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (600 mBi, 2300 mBm)
[   19.470672]  (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (600 mBi, 3000 mBm)
[   19.470703] cfg80211: Calling CRDA for country: US
[   19.474670] musb_hdrc: version 6.0, musb-dma, otg (peripheral+host), debug=0
[   19.477416] musb_hdrc: USB OTG mode controller at d80ab000 using DMA, IRQ 92
[   19.478698] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[   19.478973] IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[   19.479614] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[   19.479888] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[   19.480041] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
[   19.480072] TCP reno registered
[   19.480468] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[   19.484863] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2
[   19.484985] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[   19.485626] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[   19.486450] JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  �© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[   19.487457] msgmni has been set to 470
[   19.492523] alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
[   19.492645] io scheduler noop registered
[   19.492645] io scheduler anticipatory registered
[   19.492675] io scheduler deadline registered
[   19.492889] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[   19.519348] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[   19.541748] serial8250.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x4806a000 (irq = 72) is a ST16654
[   19.563201] serial8250.0: ttyS1 at MMIO 0x4806c000 (irq = 73) is a ST16654
[   19.583740] serial8250.0: ttyS2 at MMIO 0x49020000 (irq = 74) is a ST16654
[   19.583801] console [ttyS2] enabled
[   20.108825] brd: module loaded
[   20.118408] loop: module loaded
[   20.122741] enc28j60 spi4.0: enc28j60 Ethernet driver 1.01 loaded
[   20.133117] net eth0: enc28j60 driver registered
[   20.139099] usbcore: registered new interface driver catc
[   20.144683] catc: v2.8:CATC EL1210A NetMate USB Ethernet driver
[   20.150939] usbcore: registered new interface driver kaweth
[   20.156616] pegasus: v0.6.14 (2006/09/27), Pegasus/Pegasus II USB Ethernet driver
[   20.164489] usbcore: registered new interface driver pegasus
[   20.170257] rtl8150: v0.6.2 (2004/08/27):rtl8150 based usb-ethernet driver
[   20.177520] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8150
[   20.183563] usbcore: registered new interface driver asix
[   20.189300] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[   20.195495] usbcore: registered new interface driver dm9601
[   20.201507] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx
[   20.207641] usbcore: registered new interface driver gl620a
[   20.213531] usbcore: registered new interface driver net1080
[   20.219573] usbcore: registered new interface driver plusb
[   20.225463] usbcore: registered new interface driver rndis_host
[   20.231781] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_subset
[   20.238128] usbcore: registered new interface driver zaurus
[   20.244018] usbcore: registered new interface driver MOSCHIP usb-ethernet driver
[   20.251861] Broadcom 43xx driver loaded [ Features: L, Firmware-ID: FW13 ]
[   20.259307] usbcore: registered new interface driver zd1211rw
[   20.265441] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8187
[   20.271545] usbcore: registered new interface driver rndis_wlan
[   20.277832] usbcore: registered new interface driver zd1201
[   20.283813] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb8xxx
[   20.289916] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2500usb
[   20.296173] usbcore: registered new interface driver rt73usb
[   20.302246] usbcore: registered new interface driver p54usb
[   20.307861] i2c /dev entries driver
[   20.313446] Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods
[   20.320220] Driver 'sr' needs updating - please use bus_type methods
[   20.327789] omap2-nand driver initializing
[   20.332305] NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0x2c, Chip ID: 0xba (Micron NAND 256MiB 1,8V 16-bit)
[   20.341369] cmdlinepart partition parsing not available
[   20.346649] Creating 5 MTD partitions on "omap2-nand":
[   20.351867] 0x000000000000-0x000000080000 : "X-Loader"
[   20.359283] 0x000000080000-0x000000260000 : "U-Boot"
[   20.366485] 0x000000260000-0x000000280000 : "U-Boot Env"
[   20.373352] 0x000000280000-0x000000680000 : "Kernel"
[   20.381347] 0x000000680000-0x000010000000 : "File System"
[   20.494232] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[   20.501220] ehci-omap ehci-omap.0: OMAP-EHCI Host Controller
[   20.507995] ehci-omap ehci-omap.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[   20.515869] ehci-omap ehci-omap.0: irq 77, io mem 0x48064800
[   20.534942] ehci-omap ehci-omap.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[   20.541564] usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
[   20.547698] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[   20.551635] hub 1-0:1.0: 3 ports detected
[   20.557983] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
[   20.563385] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[   20.569519] USB Mass Storage support registered.
[   20.574920] mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[   20.580841] input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
[   20.590545] input: twl4030_pwrbutton as /devices/platform/i2c_omap.1/i2c-adapter/i2c-1/1-0049/twl4030_pwrbutton/input/input1
[   20.605438] rtc-ds1307 2-0068: rtc core: registered ds1307 as rtc0
[   20.611663] rtc-ds1307 2-0068: 56 bytes nvram
[   20.617980] OMAP Watchdog Timer Rev 0x31: initial timeout 60 sec
[   20.624481] Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2
[   20.628997] Bluetooth: HCI H4 protocol initialized
[   20.633819] Bluetooth: HCI BCSP protocol initialized
[   20.638885] Bluetooth: HCILL protocol initialized
[   20.643646] Bluetooth: Broadcom Blutonium firmware driver ver 1.2
[   20.650146] usbcore: registered new interface driver bcm203x
[   20.655944] Bluetooth: Digianswer Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.10
[   20.662445] usbcore: registered new interface driver bpa10x
[   20.668121] Bluetooth: BlueFRITZ! USB driver ver 1.2
[   20.673431] usbcore: registered new interface driver bfusb
[   20.679046] Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.4
[   20.685028] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
[   20.690582] Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth SDIO driver ver 0.1
[   20.697509] mmci-omap-hs mmci-omap-hs.0: Failed to get debounce clock
[   20.808563] mmci-omap-hs mmci-omap-hs.1: Failed to get debounce clock
[   20.815155] regulator: Unable to get requested regulator: vmmc_aux
[   20.823669] Registered led device: beagleboard::usr0
[   20.829101] Registered led device: beagleboard::usr1
[   20.841583] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[   20.847229] usbhid: v2.6:USB HID core driver
[   20.852844] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.18a.
[   20.860321] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
[   20.867004] No device for DAI twl4030
[   20.870910] No device for DAI omap-mcbsp-dai-0
[   20.875366] No device for DAI omap-mcbsp-dai-1
[   20.880004] No device for DAI omap-mcbsp-dai-2
[   20.884490] No device for DAI omap-mcbsp-dai-3
[   20.888977] No device for DAI omap-mcbsp-dai-4
[   20.893463] OMAP3 Beagle SoC init
[   20.897308] TWL4030 Audio Codec init 
[   20.902618] asoc: twl4030 <-> omap-mcbsp-dai-0 mapping ok
[   20.918914] ALSA device list:
[   20.921905]   #0: omap3beagle (twl4030)
[   20.934082] oprofile: using arm/armv7
[   20.938049] TCP cubic registered
[   20.941467] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[   20.945983] NET: Registered protocol family 15
[   20.950592] Bluetooth: L2CAP ver 2.11
[   20.954284] Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
[   20.959411] Bluetooth: SCO (Voice Link) ver 0.6
[   20.963958] Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
[   20.969116] Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
[   20.974365] Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
[   20.979278] Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.10
[   20.983123] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[   20.988494] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[   20.993774] Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
[   21.002319] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[   21.007110] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[   21.011993] lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
[   21.017761] ThumbEE CPU extension supported.
[   21.022094] Power Management for TI OMAP3.
[   21.035552] Disabling unused clock "sr2_fck"
[   21.039855] Disabling unused clock "sr1_fck"
[   21.044219] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_fck"
[   21.048675] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_fck"
[   21.053192] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_fck"
[   21.057678] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_ick"
[   21.062194] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_ick"
[   21.066680] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_ick"
[   21.071166] Disabling unused clock "gpt2_ick"
[   21.075592] Disabling unused clock "gpt3_ick"
[   21.079956] Disabling unused clock "gpt4_ick"
[   21.084381] Disabling unused clock "gpt5_ick"
[   21.088775] Disabling unused clock "gpt6_ick"
[   21.093200] Disabling unused clock "gpt7_ick"
[   21.097625] Disabling unused clock "gpt8_ick"
[   21.101989] Disabling unused clock "gpt9_ick"
[   21.106414] Disabling unused clock "wdt3_ick"
[   21.110809] Disabling unused clock "wdt3_fck"
[   21.115234] Disabling unused clock "gpio2_dbck"
[   21.119781] Disabling unused clock "gpio3_dbck"
[   21.124389] Disabling unused clock "gpio4_dbck"
[   21.128967] Disabling unused clock "gpio5_dbck"
[   21.133544] Disabling unused clock "gpio6_dbck"
[   21.138122] Disabling unused clock "gpt9_fck"
[   21.142517] Disabling unused clock "gpt8_fck"
[   21.146942] Disabling unused clock "gpt7_fck"
[   21.151336] Disabling unused clock "gpt6_fck"
[   21.155761] Disabling unused clock "gpt5_fck"
[   21.160156] Disabling unused clock "gpt4_fck"
[   21.164550] Disabling unused clock "gpt3_fck"
[   21.168975] Disabling unused clock "gpt2_fck"
[   21.173339] Disabling unused clock "gpt1_ick"
[   21.177764] Disabling unused clock "wdt1_ick"
[   21.182159] Disabling unused clock "wdt2_ick"
[   21.186584] Disabling unused clock "wdt2_fck"
[   21.190948] Disabling unused clock "gpio1_dbck"
[   21.195556] Disabling unused clock "gpt1_fck"
[   21.199981] Disabling unused clock "cam_ick"
[   21.204315] Disabling unused clock "cam_mclk"
[   21.208740] Disabling unused clock "des1_ick"
[   21.213134] Disabling unused clock "sha11_ick"
[   21.217620] Disabling unused clock "rng_ick"
[   21.221923] Disabling unused clock "aes1_ick"
[   21.226348] Disabling unused clock "ssi_ick"
[   21.230682] Disabling unused clock "mailboxes_ick"
[   21.235504] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_ick"
[   21.239990] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_ick"
[   21.244476] Disabling unused clock "gpt10_ick"
[   21.248992] Disabling unused clock "gpt11_ick"
[   21.253448] Disabling unused clock "hdq_ick"
[   21.257781] Disabling unused clock "mspro_ick"
[   21.262298] Disabling unused clock "des2_ick"
[   21.266693] Disabling unused clock "sha12_ick"
[   21.271179] Disabling unused clock "aes2_ick"
[   21.275573] Disabling unused clock "icr_ick"
[   21.279907] Disabling unused clock "pka_ick"
[   21.284210] Disabling unused clock "ssi_ssr_fck"
[   21.288879] Disabling unused clock "hdq_fck"
[   21.293212] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_fck"
[   21.297698] Disabling unused clock "mcbsp_fck"
[   21.302185] Disabling unused clock "mspro_fck"
[   21.306671] Disabling unused clock "gpt11_fck"
[   21.311187] Disabling unused clock "gpt10_fck"
[   21.315643] Disabling unused clock "dpll4_m6x2_ck"
[   21.320526] Disabling unused clock "dpll3_m3x2_ck"
[   21.325378] Disabling unused clock "sys_clkout1"
[   21.330047] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant c rev 1
[   21.342468] registered taskstats version 1
[   21.348236] fbcvt: 1024x768@60: CVT Name - .786M3-R
[   21.379608] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
[   21.400665] clock: clksel_round_rate_div: dpll4_m4_ck target_rate 48000000
[   21.407592] clock: new_div = 9, new_rate = 48000000
[   21.417175] rtc-ds1307 2-0068: setting system clock to 2009-09-27 16:42:23 UTC (1254069743)
[   21.426086] Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk0p2...
[   21.448944] mmc0: new high speed SD card at address ddce
[   21.455108] mmcblk0: mmc0:ddce SD02G 1.83 GiB 
[   21.460021]  mmcblk0: p1 p2
[   21.539916] EXT3-fs warning: maximal mount count reached, running e2fsck is recommended
[   21.548187] kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
[   21.556823] EXT3 FS on mmcblk0p2, internal journal
[   21.561737] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[   21.567779] VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:2.
[   21.574066] Freeing init memory: 204K
INIT: version 2.86 booting
Please wait: booting...

I2C analysis

Using I2C tools you can analyze the I2C bus:

root@beagleboard:/bin# i2cdetect -l
i2c-1   i2c             OMAP I2C adapter                        I2C adapter
i2c-2   i2c             OMAP I2C adapter                        I2C adapter
i2c-3   i2c             OMAP I2C adapter                        I2C adapter

Zippy Board uses i2c-2 for the RTC and EEPROM:

root@beagleboard:/bin# i2cdetect -y -r 2
     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f
00:          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
50: 50 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- UU -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --                         
  • EEPROM is at 0x50
  • RTC is at 0x68

EEPROM

AT24 EEPROM (AT24C01B) is used to identify Zippy board. See expansion board how this is done.

Using Linux i2cdump tool at bus 2 address 0x50 the content of this EEPROM is given:

root@beagleboard:~# i2cdump 2 0x50 b
     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f    0123456789abcdef
00: 00 01 00 01 01 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    .?.??...........
10: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
20: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
30: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
40: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
50: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
60: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
70: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
80: 00 01 00 01 01 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    .?.??...........
90: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
a0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
b0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
c0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
d0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
e0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................
f0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff    ................