Difference between revisions of "Didj Enable Networking"

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a) You followed the previous steps to set up networking and users.  
 
a) You followed the previous steps to set up networking and users.  
  
b) You have a working cross-compiler (see Didj_Build_Environment).
+
b) You have a working cross-compiler (see http://elinux.org/Didj_Build_Environment).
  
  

Revision as of 11:32, 16 April 2010

Revision History

Rev 1.0 2010/04/06 nirvous

Introduction

This how-to outlines the basic steps to enabling networking via the USB gadget Ethernet driver (g_ether) contained in the LF 2009 sources.

Following the steps contained herein should result in a functioning Ethernet connection and the ability to telnet into the device via USB.

The steps have been tested on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron (2.6.24 kernel). Similar steps are also known to work on kernel versions up to 2.6.25.

(Note: There may be other more-efficient ways to go about these steps, we can improve this document as those emerge.)

At this time, more-recent kernels than 2.6.25 will not support communications with the this version of g_ether (for Ubuntu users, this means that versions later than Hardy are not working at this time.)

The version of g_ether we are using does not support Windows at this time (due to what seems to be a broken RNDIS implementation in this version of ether.c).

To-dos: Investigate and address enabling g_ether connectivity to hosts running recent linux kernels, Windows, OS X...


Technical Requirements

1. UART (serial) connection to your Didj (http://elinux.org/Didj_Serial_Console)

2. A working cross-compiler environment. The scratchbox (http://elinux.org/Didj_Kernel_Build_Environment) is sufficient for generating a new kernel (or use your own). For reference, the examples in this document assume you have installed and are using the scratchbox environment.

3. 2009 sources (http://medialib.leapfrog.com/didj_opensource_code/Didj-Linux-4222-20090422-1236.tar.gz)

4. Host running a compatible linux kernel (ex: Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy)

5. Didj/USB cable


Kernel Configuration

Out of the box, neither networking support nor the PTY devices used by busybox/telnetd are enabled in the stock Didj kernel

To add this support, make a custom kernel.

Making a custom kernel for networking and PTY support

In your kernel source directory, run make menuconfig. (see http://elinux.org/Didj_Kernel_Build_Environment#Change_Kernel_Settings)

#cd /scratchbox/users/$USER/home/$USER/Didj-Linux-4222-20090422-1236/linux-2.6.20-lf1000
#make menuconfig

When the menu system launches, enable the following:

  1. Networking
    1. Select: Networking->Networking Options → TCP/IP Networking
    2. Hit Spacebar to select TCP/IP Networking.
    3. Exit back to the main menu.
  2. USB Ethernet support
    1. Select: Device Drivers-> USB Gadget Support
    2. Hit spacebar to select USB Gadget Support
    3. Select: Device Drivers-> USB Gadget Support->Ethernet Gadget (with CDC Ethernet support)
    4. Hit Spacebar twice to configure it as a kernel module. Note: RNDIS support is listed, but it is broken, so leave it unselected.
    5. Exit up to device drivers
  3. PTY device support (for telnetd)
    1. Select: Device Drivers->Character Drivers->Unix98 PTY Support
    2. Hit Spacebar to select
    3. Select: Device Drivers->Character Drivers->Legacy (BSD) PTY Support
    4. Hit Spacebar to select
    5. If its not already pre-set, set 'Maximum number of legacy PTY in use' at 256
  4. Exit all the way out of the menu application, making sure to save the changes when prompted.
  5. Compile the kernel and g_ether module by running the make_rootfs.sh script as described in http://elinux.org/Didj_Kernel_Build_Environment

Transferring (or installing) the custom kernel onto the Didj

You can do this in one of two ways

The safest way is via UART boot (see http://elinux.org/Didj_Boot_From_UART)

Or, you can burn your custom kernel to the Didj NAND. (Remember, though, that NAND writes can have destructive consequences)

  • Back up the didj NAND partitions:

http://www.hackerfoundry.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=7&hilit=mounting&start=210#p255

  • Create a kernel.bin

http://elinux.org/Didj_Kernel_Build_Environment#Create_kernel.bin

  • Write it to the NAND

http://www.hackerfoundry.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=7&start=220#p263


Installing g_ether.ko

First, boot the device, connect the USB cable, and mount the device as a drive. (see; http://elinux.org/Didj_USB_Mounting)

You'll find g_ether.ko in your kernel sources directory tree:

/scratchbox/users/$USER/home/$USER/Didj-Linux-4222-20090422-1236/linux-2.6.20-lf1000/drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko

Copy this to your Didj.

Inserting the g_ether.ko kernel module

First, if its still connected, unmount the /Didj partition from your host.

Then, mount /Didj on your Didj:

On the Didj:

#usbctl -d mass_storage -a disable
Mounting /dev/mtdblock9 on /Didj as rw

remove the g_file_storage kernel module:

#rmmod g_file_storage

and install g_ether.ko:

#cd /Didj
#insmod ./g_ether.ko 
ether gadget: using random self ethernet address
usb0: Ethernet Gadget, version: May Day 2005
usb0: using lf1000_udc, OUT ep2-bulk IN ep1-bulk
usb0: MAC 46:ac:79:6e:92:e2
usb0: high speed config #1: 100 mA, Ethernet Gadget, using CDC Ethernet Subset
ether gadget: set_interface ignored!
#


Set up TCP/IP

With the USB cable still connected to your host, configure an IP address (make sure this is a different subnet from your existing LAN).

On the Didj:

#ifconfig usb0 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0


On the host:

#sudo ifconfig usb0 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

At this point you should be able to ping from one machine to the other.

On the host:

#ping 10.0.0.2

On the Didj:

#ping 10.0.0.1

Set up telnetd

Configuring PTY devices – telnetd requires these devices to be configured in order to run

On the Didj:

#mkdir --mode=755 /dev/pts
#mknod -m=666 /dev/ptmx c 5 2    
#mount /dev/pts
#mount -t devpts none /dev/pts  


Create a user:

On the Didj:

#touch /etc/group
#echo root:x:0:0:root:/root:/ > /etc/passwd
#adduser -H didj
(this will prompt you for a password)

Run Telnetd

as a background daemon

#telnetd 

or in the foreground

#telnetd -F

At this point you should be able to telnet from the host to the device.


Set up Dropbear

(Dropbear is a relatively small SSH 2 server and client.)


Assumptions

a) You followed the previous steps to set up networking and users.

b) You have a working cross-compiler (see http://elinux.org/Didj_Build_Environment).


Compiling dropbear

On your Linux host, obtain the dropbear tarball from http://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.html

For example:

On the host:

wget http://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/releases/dropbear-0.52.tar.gz


Untar the file and go into the resulting directory. For example:

On the host:

tar -xvzf dropbear-0.52.tar.gz
cd dropbear-0.52


(Optional step: If desired, customize dropbear by editing options.h)

On the host:

vim options.h


Set up the CC variable and then configure the compilation. (In this example we add directives to disable zlib and syslog)

On the host:

export CC=arm-linux-uclibcgnueabi-gcc
./configure --host=arm-linux-uclibcgnueabi --disable-zlib --disable-syslog


Compile Dropbear (In this example, we create a single statically-linked executable that, like Busybox, encompases a number of programs.)

On the host:

make PROGRAMS="dropbear dbclient dropbearkey dropbearconvert scp" STATIC=1 MULTI=1


To reduce the size of the resulting binary file, strip the symbols:

On the host:

arm-linux-uclibcgnueabi-strip dropbearmulti


Move Dropbear to your Didj

In this example, we use the Didj as a USB storage device. See http://elinux.org/Didj_USB_Mounting and http://elinux.org/Didj_SCSI_Commands

Attach the USB cable and power up your Didj.

Type dmsg and locate the scsi device that corresponds to your Didj.

On the host:

#dmesg
...lots of messages...
kernel: sd 5:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0


Issue a scsi unlock command.

On the host:

sg_raw /dev/sg2 C2 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 

The Didj should mount itself (if it doesn't, you can use the Disk Utility.)


Copy dropbearmulti to the mounted Didj directory (this is the /Didj directory on the device), and then unmount the Didj.

On the host:

cp dropbearmulti /mnt/Didj
umount /mnt/Didj


Then, on the Didj console, disable mass_storage (which results in /Didj mounting on the device)

On the Didj console:

usbctl -d mass_storage -a disable 


Move dropbearmulti to its final home, and create symlinks for the dropbear programs.

On the Didj console:

mount -o remount, rw /
cp /Didj/dropbearmulti /bin
cd /bin
ln -s dropbearmulti dropbear
ln -s dropbearmulti dbclient
ln -s dropbearmulti dropbearkey
ln -s dropbearmulti dropbearconvert
ln -s dropbearmulti scp


Lastly, create the default directory for the encryption keys, and then generate the keys:

On the Didj console:

mkdir /etc/dropbear
dropbearkey -t rsa -s 1024 -f dropbear_rsa_host_key
dropbearkey -t dss -f dropbear_dss_host_key

Running Dropbear

Now launch dropbear...

On the Didj console:

dropbear -a -E -F

And SSH in from your host! (assumes you have created a user named 'didj')

On the host:

ssh didj@10.0.0.1



Under construction

Netcat

Ethernet Bridging


Acknowledgments

Many thanks to ca0abinary, doh, jburks, Moogle, PhilKll, zuccini, and many others both in the didj forum and on #Didj for their insight (and patience!).