EBC Exercise 10 Flashing an LED
The "Hello World" program is the traditional first program for many classes. Flashing an LED is the embedded equivalent. Here we will explore a few ways to flash and LED on the Beagle and explore General Purpose I/O (gpio) along the way.
Contents
gpio via the Shell Command Line and sysfs
The easiest way to do general purpose I/O (gpio) on the Beagle is through a terminal window and a shell prompt. In Linux more everything is treated as a file. Even things that aren't files. In our class we'll use a virtual file system called sysfs. sysfs exposes the drivers for the hardware so you get easily use them.
Try this:
$ cd /sys $ ls -F block/ bus/ class/ dev/ devices/ firmware/ fs/ kernel/ module/ power/
Here we see several directories that represent hardware we can control. Explore a bit and see what you find.
Now try:
$ cd /sys/class $ ls -F bccat/ hwmon/ mtd/ scsi_disk/ usb_device/ bdi/ i2c-adapter/ net/ scsi_generic/ usbmon/ block/ i2c-dev/ omap-previewer/ scsi_host/ vc/ bluetooth/ input/ omap-resizer/ sound/ video4linux/ bsg/ leds/ pvr/ spi_master/ vtconsole/ display/ mdio_bus/ regulator/ spidev/ firmware/ mem/ rfkill/ thermal/ gpio/ misc/ rtc/ tty/ graphics/ mmc_host/ scsi_device/ ubi/
Explore some. What do you find? In graphics you will see the 3 frame buffers supported by the processor. In sound you'll see the alsa sound devices.
Reading the Keyboard and Mouse
Try this:
$ cd /sys/class/input $ ls -F $ evtest event2 Hit ctrl-C to stop
Now move your mouse around, or try you keyboard. My mouse is plugged into the bottom left USB port and event2 responds to it. Where do your keyboard and mouse appear?
Flashing the LEDs
The Beagle has a user0 and user1 LED that you can control. Try this:
$ cd /usr/class/leds $ ls -F beagleboard::pmu_stat@ beagleboard::usr0@ beagleboard::usr1@
Here you see the directories for controlling each of the usr LEDs. By default, usr0 flashes a heartbeat patter and usr1 flashes when the micro SD card is accessed. Let's control usr0.
$ cd beagleboard::usr0 $ ls -F brightness device@ max_brightness power/ subsystem@ trigger uevent
See what's in brightness, max_brightness and trigger by using the cat
command. For example:
$ cat trigger none nand-disk mmc0 [heartbeat]
This shows trigger can have 4 values. The present value is heartbeat. Check the LED, is the beating? You can stop the heartbeat via:
$ echo none > trigger $ cat trigger [none] nand-disk mmc0 heartbeat
Did it stop beating? You can now turn it on and off with:
$ echo 1 > brightness $ echo 0 > brightness
Is it responding correctly?
Resources
- Here is wh1ts article on flashing an LED. It is referenced in the readgpio file that comes on the Beagle.
- This Make magazine article has a few more details.
- Here in a gpio reference for Linux in general. It includes sample 'C' code for flashing at 1 Hz.
- Here is a posting in the Beagle Google group about gpio.
- Here is some information about gpio from the kernel point of view.