http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&feed=atom&action=history 2013-05-23T22:22:18Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.21alpha http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=124382&oldid=prev 2012-04-28T06:51:05Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Links</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 06:51, 28 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Links ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Links ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=== varia ===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 21:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=== programming in forth ===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://www.mpeforth.com/arena/ProgramForth.pdf complete forth programming reference book]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Single board computers and Forth ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>=== Single board computers and Forth ===</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key elinux:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:122738:newid:124382 --> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=122738&oldid=prev 2012-04-24T11:36:20Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Links</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 11:36, 24 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=== Single board computers and Forth ===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There a few SBC cards equipped with Forth in their rom, for example there are a few 68HC11 that card came with FORTH embedded in the ROM on the cpu chip. A later variant added floating point to the ROM and I exchanged this CPU for all the previous ones to get this feature. I had actually heard of FORTH before I got my hands on one of these SBC's. A friend in Oregon had told me casually, one day, that he had written some code in FORTH and that it was very strange stuff indeed. Used things like commas as commands. Strange indeed. But I needed a very low power CPU card to run some sensors I was building for a mooring that would have to run on batteries for long periods unattended. And this SBC had the least current draw of any that I found. So ... I had to learn FORTH.I bought the book by Leo Brodie, &quot;STARTING FORTH&quot; (available on-line at FORTH, INC) and started learning. With the 68HC11 SBC, the card became the language lab. Hooked it up to a PC running a serial terminal program (BitCom for the 80386 cpu -- still use it today!) and applied power. The card sent a startup message line and was now ready for me to program.FORTH is a peculiar sort of O/S, reminiscent of the BASIC O/S that came on the early Apple computers. It consists of defined WORDS which you can call directly from the command line. You can also define new WORDS using the old WORDS and any new WORDS you have previously defined. Typing the name of any of these WORDS will cause that WORD to be executed. If you think SUBROUTINE for WORD, then this isn't all that strange. Generally, one builds a program by defining WORDS that do specific things -- collect data from an ADC, generate ping gates on a digital line, convert a number to dB, etc. Each word can be tested by itself until it is working properly. When the whole program is done, there will be a last WORD (I always call mine MAIN) that starts the whole thing going.Another peculiarity of FORTH is the use of stacks to hold data. WORDS exchange data using the stack. If a WORD requires some input data, the typical way to provide it is to put the data on the stack before calling the WORD. Being FORTH, this is done as schematically as possible: if the data were held in locations called, say, DATA1 and DATA2, and the WORD that needed the data was called PROCESS, then the calling sequence would look likeDATA1 @DATA2 @PROCESSIn other words, naming a data variable and calling the WORD &quot;@&quot; (fetch) puts the data on the stack and naming (typing) the WORD &quot;PROCESS&quot; evokes this code. The answer will, in all likelihood, also be placed on the stack.On the 68HC11 board, I tested the program by loading it into RAM in the upper 32K of the 64K memory map. The SBC had a socket for a memory IC. When I was happy with the program, I would make a Motorola S-file image of the program (by running a program supplied by NMI) and save it in a capture file on the PC. I used this file to burn an EPROM which I installed in place of the RAM chip and there was an operating sensor controller. (There are some details left out here, such as autostarting the code. I'll add links to documents on these details or you can check out NMI directly). The picture below is one of the 68HC11 cards offered by NMI:NMIS-L-0021BI've used these SBC's to control acoustic sensors, including TAPS-6 and TAPS-8, as well as weather stations and little lab gadgets where a bit of smarts were required. One nice feature is the ability to enter a sleep mode where current draw is too low to measure accurately (maybe 100 microamps). I use a RTC chip to issue timed interrupts to wake up the CPU and cause it to collect dataMore recently, I've switched over to a 68HC12 SBC. This was partly to get the faster processor on the HC12 and partly in order to save a large amount of code I've written for the HC11 which can be migrated over to the HC12 chip. I figured out how to interface the HC12 SBC to a compact-flash RAM card so that I had lots of memory for data and even for programs (see the DOWNLOADS page). The new-generation TAPS-6 uses a controller with the 68HC12 SBC and a 128 MB CF-RAM card. The operating programs run in RAM on the SBC and are loaded from the CF-RAM card as needed. A relatively small section of the CF-RAM card is devoted to program space and the rest is available for data. This is the processor in the WHAPS/SandScan series of sensors, as well.There are other choices available for SBC's for embedded systems. The Persistor is a terrific card with many nice features; I have one that I'm going to embed in something one of these days. The main drawback -- to me -- is that the only way to program this card is via a complicated programming environment in, of course, C. I've already mentioned I don't like C. The Rabbit cards are also pretty slick. They have quite a choice of cards with various I/O possibilities, including USB and ETHERNET. I have two of these that I'd also like to embed in something. Again, however, the code support comes in a C environment. Ugh.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=122528&oldid=prev 2012-04-24T01:11:49Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Category</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 01:11, 24 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 213:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 213:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category: Apple]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category: Apple]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category: OpenFirmware]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category: OpenFirmware]]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category: Fort]]</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=122522&oldid=prev 2012-04-24T01:11:00Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Links</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 01:11, 24 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://home.iae.nl/users/mhx/sf.html lessons]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://www.holmea.demon.co.uk/Mk1/Architecture.htm foth ttl cpu]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td></tr> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=121046&oldid=prev 2012-04-20T23:37:34Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Links</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 23:37, 20 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://www.forth.com/starting-forth/sf1/sf1.html lessons power]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key elinux:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:121040:newid:121046 --> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=121040&oldid=prev 2012-04-20T23:08:31Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Links</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 23:08, 20 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://www.openfirmware.info/SmartFirmware smartfirmware]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=120902&oldid=prev 2012-04-20T20:13:03Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Links</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 20:13, 20 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 14:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lessons lessons]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=120872&oldid=prev 2012-04-20T19:55:10Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">What is Open Firmware</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 19:55, 20 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>gentoo uses YaBoot BootLoader for Open Firmware.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>gentoo uses YaBoot BootLoader for Open Firmware.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Open Firmware user interface includes a FORTH-based shell interface. FORTH is a powerful high level language that is remarkably compact. A complete Forth development environment including compiler, decompiler, assembler, disassembler, source level debugger, and assembly language debugger is present in the XO boot ROM (SPI FLASH). With the Open Firmware Forth system, you can directly access all of the hardware devices on the XO, use built-in functions like selftest diagnostics and games, and even write complete applications, without needing any external tools. The bulk of Open Firmware is written in Forth, so the source level debugger can be used to debug Open Firmware itself. &#160;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The Open Firmware user interface includes a FORTH-based shell interface. FORTH is a powerful high level language that is remarkably compact. A complete Forth development environment including compiler, decompiler, assembler, disassembler, source level debugger, and assembly language debugger is present in the XO boot ROM (SPI FLASH). With the Open Firmware Forth system, you can directly access all of the hardware devices on the XO, use built-in functions like selftest diagnostics and games, and even write complete applications, without needing any external tools. The bulk of Open Firmware is written in Forth, so the source level debugger can be used to debug Open Firmware itself.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Links ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Open_Firmware varia]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS, hardware-independent firmware ==</div></td></tr> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=120230&oldid=prev 2012-04-19T23:04:08Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The Apple BIOS</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 23:04, 19 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= A tiny guide to Open Firmware =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= A tiny guide to Open Firmware =</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== What is Open Firmware ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Open Firmware is the hardware-independent firmware (computer software which loads the operating system) that the XO runs.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It was developed by Mitch Bradley at Sun Microsystems, and used in post-NuBus PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh computers (though it has been dropped with Apple's transition to Intel processors), Sun Microsystems SPARC based workstations and servers, IBM POWER systems, and PegasosPPC systems, among others. On those computers, Open Firmware fulfills the same tasks as BIOS does on PC computers.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gentoo uses YaBoot BootLoader for Open Firmware.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Open Firmware user interface includes a FORTH-based shell interface. FORTH is a powerful high level language that is remarkably compact. A complete Forth development environment including compiler, decompiler, assembler, disassembler, source level debugger, and assembly language debugger is present in the XO boot ROM (SPI FLASH). With the Open Firmware Forth system, you can directly access all of the hardware devices on the XO, use built-in functions like selftest diagnostics and games, and even write complete applications, without needing any external tools. The bulk of Open Firmware is written in Forth, so the source level debugger can be used to debug Open Firmware itself. </ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== The Apple BIOS<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, hardware-independent firmware </ins>==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Most Apple G3/G4 systems use a modified version of the Open Firmware standard. These machiens are normally referred to as &quot;NewWorld Macs&quot;. Open Firmware acts as a type of bios for the PowerPC system, it is responsible for identifying various hardware components and uses a series of environment variables to all the user or developer to modify the boot behavior of the system. Open Firmware is pretty easy to access and navigate once you know how, this guide walks you through the basics, so you can get to know your system a little better.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Most Apple G3/G4 systems use a modified version of the Open Firmware standard. These machiens are normally referred to as &quot;NewWorld Macs&quot;. Open Firmware acts as a type of bios for the PowerPC system, it is responsible for identifying various hardware components and uses a series of environment variables to all the user or developer to modify the boot behavior of the system. Open Firmware is pretty easy to access and navigate once you know how, this guide walks you through the basics, so you can get to know your system a little better.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key elinux:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:119318:newid:120230 --> </table>

Legacy http://elinux.org/index.php?title=Flameman/openfirmware-apple&diff=119318&oldid=prev 2012-04-18T19:44:09Z

<p>‎<span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Navigating: Examining Hardware Devices</span></span></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 19:44, 18 April 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 152:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 152:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The segement of the device tree shown above, clearly shows the uni-north AGP controller and the ATI Rage Mobility are off pci1, while most of the input/output devices are driven from pci2. The second segement shows an example of the mac-io portion of the tree with an ATA device and a seperate USB portion of the tree. Finally pci3 has the ethernet device, and may contain additional devices such as a firewire bus (on the iMac DV for example).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The segement of the device tree shown above, clearly shows the uni-north AGP controller and the ATI Rage Mobility are off pci1, while most of the input/output devices are driven from pci2. The second segement shows an example of the mac-io portion of the tree with an ATA device and a seperate USB portion of the tree. Finally pci3 has the ethernet device, and may contain additional devices such as a firewire bus (on the iMac DV for example).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Looking at the source</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=== </ins>Looking at the source <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>You can use the see command to look at some of the forth code that is used for a particular device. The code below is from the USB probe function in Open Firmware. It calls other routines and is pretty simple.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>You can use the see command to look at some of the forth code that is used for a particular device. The code below is from the USB probe function in Open Firmware. It calls other routines and is pretty simple.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 174:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 175:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The above code is a snapshot from Open Firmware, and is Copyright Apple Computer, it is displayed here for educational purposes only.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The above code is a snapshot from Open Firmware, and is Copyright Apple Computer, it is displayed here for educational purposes only.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Accessing the device-tree in Linux</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=== </ins>Accessing the device-tree in Linux <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>You do not need to be in open firmware to look at the device tree. You can examine it from within the /proc file system by simply cd'ing to /proc/device-tree. For example, you can cd to aliases within the device tree, then use ls to list the aliases, and cat to display the contents of an alias (eg. cat enet reveals /pci@f4000000/ethernet).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>You do not need to be in open firmware to look at the device tree. You can examine it from within the /proc file system by simply cd'ing to /proc/device-tree. For example, you can cd to aliases within the device tree, then use ls to list the aliases, and cat to display the contents of an alias (eg. cat enet reveals /pci@f4000000/ethernet).</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> </table>

Legacy