Difference between revisions of "RPi 硬件基础设置"

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= 你需要拥有的典型硬件 =
 
= 你需要拥有的典型硬件 =
You may have decided to buy a Raspberry Pi because you think it is great, it helps if you have an idea of what you want to do with it. You buy the board, but you will need some extra parts to be able to use it. Some of those parts you may have around so you can use them, some you might buy that others have given away or sold, and some you buy yourself. Consider what you buy; you might get very little benefit from an expensive item over a cheap one.
+
你可能已经决定去买一个Raspberry Pi,因为觉得Pi很棒,如果你有一个想法来使用Pi,此处将帮助你.你购买了主板,但是你将需要另外一些部件来使用它.有些部件你可能身边就有直接使用,有些部件你可能需要从其他分发或出售的人那里购买,有些你需要自己购买.考虑到你的购买;相对便宜的设备,你可能从更贵的部件里面获取的收益很少.
  
The Raspberry Pi can be used in the conventional computer configuration, with a keyboard, mouse and display, or in a "headless" configuration where it is available on a network and is controlled from another computer on that network. You can add a range of additional peripherals to the Pi; the first section of this page covers setting up the Pi with the minimum number of peripherals to make sure that you can get it working. Additional peripherals are covered in the second section.
+
Raspberry Pi 能被使用于常见的电脑配置,带有监控,鼠标和显示器,或者使用于 "headless" 配置,使用于网络上并被网络上的另外一台电脑所控制.你能在Pi上添加一系列额外的外围设备;本页第一章节包含了设置Pi的最小数量的外设以确保你能使其开始工作.额外的外设被包含在第二章节.
  
 
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* [[#Power Supply|Power Supply Switch]] - if you want an easy way to cycle power
 
* [[#Power Supply|Power Supply Switch]] - if you want an easy way to cycle power
  
== Power Supply ==
+
== 供电 ==
The unit uses a Micro USB connection to power itself (only the power pins are connected - so it will not transfer data over this connection). A standard modern phone charger with a micro-USB connector will do, but needs to produce at least 700mA at 5 volts. Check your power supply's ratings carefully, and [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/power-supply-warning beware cheap knock-offs!].  
+
装置使用一个 Micro USB 连接来为其供电(仅供电引脚连接 - 所以此连接将不会传输数据). 一个标准的带有 micro-USB 连接的现代手机充电器即可使用,但是需要在 5v 时能至少提供 700mA 电流.仔细检查你的供电设备等级,[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/power-supply-warning 当心廉价仿制品!].  
  
The Pi Hut offers a 5V 1500mA power supply, manufactured specially for the Raspberry Pi. This is available in three varieties :
+
Pi Hut 提供 5V 1500mA 供电,专为Raspberry Pi制造.此处有三个种类 :
 
* [http://thepihut.com/products/micro-usb-power-supply-for-the-raspberry-pi UK]
 
* [http://thepihut.com/products/micro-usb-power-supply-for-the-raspberry-pi UK]
 
* [http://thepihut.com/products/eu-micro-usb-power-supply-for-the-raspberry-pi EU]
 
* [http://thepihut.com/products/eu-micro-usb-power-supply-for-the-raspberry-pi EU]
 
* [http://thepihut.com/products/usa-micro-usb-power-supply-for-the-raspberry-pi USA]
 
* [http://thepihut.com/products/usa-micro-usb-power-supply-for-the-raspberry-pi USA]
  
Other suitable mains adapters will be available from the [http://www.raspberrypi.com RPi Shop], as well as [http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/330844162509 eBay]. [https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-accessories/5v-2A-modmypi-raspberry-pi-power-supply ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] stocks a 5V 2A bespoke charger designed specifically for use with the Raspberry Pi.
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其他合适的电源适配器在此处提供 [http://www.raspberrypi.com RPi 商店], [http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/330844162509 eBay].[https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-accessories/5v-2A-modmypi-raspberry-pi-power-supply ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] 存有专为Raspberry Pi设计定制的 5V 2A 电源适配器.
  
You can use a range of other power sources (assuming they are able to provide enough current ~700mA):
+
你能使用一系列其他的电源(假定他们能够提供足够的电源 ~700mA):
* Computer USB Port or powered USB hub (will depend on power output)
+
* 电脑 USB 端口或带供电 USB hub (将取决于供电输出)
* Special wall warts with USB ports
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* 带有 USB 端口的特殊墙壁插座
* Mobile Phone Backup Battery (will depend on power output) (in theory - needs confirmation)
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* 手机后备电池 (将取决于供电输出) (理论上 - 需认证)
* Modern TV with built-in USB (for example, it has been shown to work with the Sony KDL-40HX723 and KDL-55NX813)
+
* 带有内置 USB 的现代电视 (例如, 已经被展示可工作于 Sony KDL-40HX723 KDL-55NX813)
* Internet Routers with USB Ports (the BT Home Hub 3 seems to run the Pi nicely)
+
* 带有 USB 端口的 Internet 路由 (BT Home Hub 3 看起来使Pi运行的很好)
  
To use the above, you'll need a USB A 'male' to USB micro 'male' cable - these are often shipped as data cables with mobile phones.
+
要使用以上电源,你将要需要一个 USB A '公口' USB micro '母口' 线 - 它们通常是手机的数据线.
  
===Power Switch===
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=== 电源开关 ===
 
Additionally, the Raspberry Pi does not have the functionality of an on/off switch like traditionally seen on a PC. [http://www.pi-supply.com Pi Supply] have for sale an [http://www.pi-supply.com/product/pi-supply-raspberry-pi-power-switch/ add on board] that introduces this functionality, allowing you to easily manage power on your Raspberry Pi, without wearing out your back, or the micro-USB socket on the Pi. It also includes a safe shutdown switch to avoid corruption of your SD card.
 
Additionally, the Raspberry Pi does not have the functionality of an on/off switch like traditionally seen on a PC. [http://www.pi-supply.com Pi Supply] have for sale an [http://www.pi-supply.com/product/pi-supply-raspberry-pi-power-switch/ add on board] that introduces this functionality, allowing you to easily manage power on your Raspberry Pi, without wearing out your back, or the micro-USB socket on the Pi. It also includes a safe shutdown switch to avoid corruption of your SD card.
  
 
''For detailed information about power requirements see [[Rpi_Hardware#Power | RPi Hardware - Power]].''
 
''For detailed information about power requirements see [[Rpi_Hardware#Power | RPi Hardware - Power]].''
  
== Portable Battery Pack ==
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== 可携带电池包 ==
 
Want to use your Raspberry Pi on the go? Then you need a Portable Power Pack! The rechargeable battery pack allows you to use your Raspberry Pi anywhere. Available from The Pi Hut - [http://thepihut.com/products/portable-power-pack-for-the-raspberry-pi Portable Power Pack for the Raspberry Pi]
 
Want to use your Raspberry Pi on the go? Then you need a Portable Power Pack! The rechargeable battery pack allows you to use your Raspberry Pi anywhere. Available from The Pi Hut - [http://thepihut.com/products/portable-power-pack-for-the-raspberry-pi Portable Power Pack for the Raspberry Pi]
  
== Prepared Operating System SD Card ==
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== 已准备好操作系统的SD卡 ==
 
The RPi has no internal storage or built-in boot code, so it requires an SD-Card that is set up to boot the RPi and launch the Operating System. You should look at the [[RPi Easy SD Card Setup]] page for instructions about buying a preinstalled card or creating your own loaded SD Card.
 
The RPi has no internal storage or built-in boot code, so it requires an SD-Card that is set up to boot the RPi and launch the Operating System. You should look at the [[RPi Easy SD Card Setup]] page for instructions about buying a preinstalled card or creating your own loaded SD Card.
  
== Keyboard & Mouse ==
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== 键盘 & 鼠标 ==
 
Most standard USB keyboards and mice will work with the RPi. Wireless keyboard/mice should also function, and only require a single USB port for an RF dongle. In order to use a Bluetooth keyboard or mouse you would need to use a Bluetooth dongle, which again uses a single port.
 
Most standard USB keyboards and mice will work with the RPi. Wireless keyboard/mice should also function, and only require a single USB port for an RF dongle. In order to use a Bluetooth keyboard or mouse you would need to use a Bluetooth dongle, which again uses a single port.
  
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''To check your mouse and keyboard are compatible with Linux, see [[RPi VerifiedPeripherals | RPi Verified Peripherals]].''
 
''To check your mouse and keyboard are compatible with Linux, see [[RPi VerifiedPeripherals | RPi Verified Peripherals]].''
  
== Display ==
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== 显示设备 ==
There are two connection options for the RPi display, ''HDMI'' (high definition) and ''Composite'' (low definition).
+
RPi有两种显示连接选择,''HDMI'' (高分辨率) ''Composite'' (低分辨率).
  
 
* HD TVs and most LCD Monitors can be connected using a full-size 'male' HDMI cable, and with an inexpensive adaptor if DVI is used. HDMI versions 1.3 and 1.4 are supported, and a version 1.4 cable is recommended. The RPi outputs audio and video via HMDI, but does not support HDMI input.
 
* HD TVs and most LCD Monitors can be connected using a full-size 'male' HDMI cable, and with an inexpensive adaptor if DVI is used. HDMI versions 1.3 and 1.4 are supported, and a version 1.4 cable is recommended. The RPi outputs audio and video via HMDI, but does not support HDMI input.
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''For detailed information see [[Rpi Screens]].''
 
''For detailed information see [[Rpi Screens]].''
  
== Cables ==
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== 线缆 ==
 
You will probably need a number of cables in order to connect your RPi up.
 
You will probably need a number of cables in order to connect your RPi up.
 
# Micro-B USB Power Cable (see above) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MicroB_USB_Plug.jpg picture]. This has to be a [[On the RPi usb power cable|high quality one]].
 
# Micro-B USB Power Cable (see above) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MicroB_USB_Plug.jpg picture]. This has to be a [[On the RPi usb power cable|high quality one]].
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Fully tested cables are available from [http://www.pi-supply.com Pi Supply], [http://thepihut.com/collections/cables The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store], and [https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-accessories ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] offers a range of High Quality coloured 'Noodle' cables.
 
Fully tested cables are available from [http://www.pi-supply.com Pi Supply], [http://thepihut.com/collections/cables The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store], and [https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-accessories ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] offers a range of High Quality coloured 'Noodle' cables.
  
== Network / Internet Connectivity ==
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== 网络 / Internet 连通 ==
  
 
This may be an Ethernet/LAN cable (standard RJ45 connector) or a USB WiFi adaptor. The RPi ethernet port is auto-sensing which means that it may be connected to a router or directly to another computer (without the need for a crossover cable<ref name=autoMDIX>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_dependent_interface#Auto-MDIX Wikipedia:Auto-MDIX]</ref>).
 
This may be an Ethernet/LAN cable (standard RJ45 connector) or a USB WiFi adaptor. The RPi ethernet port is auto-sensing which means that it may be connected to a router or directly to another computer (without the need for a crossover cable<ref name=autoMDIX>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_dependent_interface#Auto-MDIX Wikipedia:Auto-MDIX]</ref>).
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USB version 2.0 is recommended. USB version 1.1 is fine for keyboards and mice, but may not be fast enough for other accessories.
 
USB version 2.0 is recommended. USB version 1.1 is fine for keyboards and mice, but may not be fast enough for other accessories.
  
== Real Time Clock ==
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== 实时时钟 ==
Laptops and computers keep time when the power is off by using a pre-installed, battery powered 'Real Time Clock' (RTC). However, this Real Time Clock module is not included with the Raspberry Pi. To keep time, the Raspberry Pi updates the date and time automatically over the internet via Ethernet or WiFi. For projects which have no internet connection, you may want to add a low cost battery powered RTC to help your Pi keep time!
+
通过使用一个预装的,电池供电的 '实时时钟'(RTC),笔记本和电脑在断电后能保持时间.然而,实时时钟模块没有被包含在Raspberry Pi中.为了保持时间,Raspberry Pi自动依赖以太网或WiFi从互联网更新日期和时间.对于没有互联网连接的项目,你可以考虑添加一个低成本的电池供电RTC来帮助你的Pi保持时间.
  
 
Afterthought Software have released a 'Plug and Play' Real Time Clock designed specifically for the Raspberry Pi which, unlike other RTC's available, plugs directly in to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO Ports. The unit is available from [https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-expansion-boards/rasclock-raspberry-pi-real-time-clock-module ModMyPi] and comes complete with an easy to follow [https://www.modmypi.com/blog/installing-the-rasclock-raspberry-pi-real-time-clock Installation Guide].
 
Afterthought Software have released a 'Plug and Play' Real Time Clock designed specifically for the Raspberry Pi which, unlike other RTC's available, plugs directly in to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO Ports. The unit is available from [https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-expansion-boards/rasclock-raspberry-pi-real-time-clock-module ModMyPi] and comes complete with an easy to follow [https://www.modmypi.com/blog/installing-the-rasclock-raspberry-pi-real-time-clock Installation Guide].
  
== Another PC ==
+
== 另一台 PC ==
 
If you need to install the Operating System on your own SD Card you will need another PC, Laptop or Mac to do so (or get a friend or local group to do it for you). If you are running headless, you also need one, though for a lot of uses (but not all) you can use a tablet or smart phone. This does include another Pi!
 
If you need to install the Operating System on your own SD Card you will need another PC, Laptop or Mac to do so (or get a friend or local group to do it for you). If you are running headless, you also need one, though for a lot of uses (but not all) you can use a tablet or smart phone. This does include another Pi!
  
= Connecting Together =
+
= 连接到一起 =
  
 
[[File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-1-699x1024.png|200px|thumb|right|A diagram denoting the places of the different components on the Rpi, made by Paul Beech. Click to enlarge.]]
 
[[File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-1-699x1024.png|200px|thumb|right|A diagram denoting the places of the different components on the Rpi, made by Paul Beech. Click to enlarge.]]
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The RPi may take a long time to boot when powered-on for the first time, so be patient, and cleanly shutdown afterwards, as described above!
 
The RPi may take a long time to boot when powered-on for the first time, so be patient, and cleanly shutdown afterwards, as described above!
  
= Additional Peripherals =
+
= 附加的外设 =
 
You may decide you want to use various other devices with your RPi, such as Flash Drives/Portable Hard Drives, Speakers etc.
 
You may decide you want to use various other devices with your RPi, such as Flash Drives/Portable Hard Drives, Speakers etc.
  
 
''For detailed information see [[RPi VerifiedPeripherals | RPi Verified Peripherals]].''
 
''For detailed information see [[RPi VerifiedPeripherals | RPi Verified Peripherals]].''
  
== Heatsink ==
+
== 散热片 ==
 
Not a vital accessory for your RPi, but will help to reduce the CPU's temperature whilst under load. Available from [http://thepihut.com/collections/heatsinks The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store],  [http://www.etsy.com/shop/nhslzt Etsy], [https://www.modmypi.com/shop/raspberry-pi-heat-sink-kit ModMyPi] (with lots of tips and tricks for reducing temperature in the reviews) or [http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/330758220781 eBay]
 
Not a vital accessory for your RPi, but will help to reduce the CPU's temperature whilst under load. Available from [http://thepihut.com/collections/heatsinks The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store],  [http://www.etsy.com/shop/nhslzt Etsy], [https://www.modmypi.com/shop/raspberry-pi-heat-sink-kit ModMyPi] (with lots of tips and tricks for reducing temperature in the reviews) or [http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/330758220781 eBay]
  
== Case ==
+
== 外壳 ==
 
Since the RPi is supplied without a case, it will be important to ensure that you do not use it in places where it will come into contact with conductive metal or liquids, unless suitably protected. Some form of [[Rpi Cases | case]] should be considered, and there is a [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/cases-for-the-raspberry-pi Rpi case thread] on the forum. Cases are also available from [http://thepihut.com/collections/cases The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store],[https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-cases ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] and [http://store.mobileappsystems.com MobileApp Systems].
 
Since the RPi is supplied without a case, it will be important to ensure that you do not use it in places where it will come into contact with conductive metal or liquids, unless suitably protected. Some form of [[Rpi Cases | case]] should be considered, and there is a [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/cases-for-the-raspberry-pi Rpi case thread] on the forum. Cases are also available from [http://thepihut.com/collections/cases The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store],[https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-cases ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] and [http://store.mobileappsystems.com MobileApp Systems].
  
 
''For detailed information see [[Rpi Cases]].''
 
''For detailed information see [[Rpi Cases]].''
  
== SD card reader ==
+
== SD卡读卡器 ==
 
You may need an SD card reader to prepare an SD card, or read a second one, both for the Pi or the other computer if it does not have an integral SD card reader.
 
You may need an SD card reader to prepare an SD card, or read a second one, both for the Pi or the other computer if it does not have an integral SD card reader.
  
 
[https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-accessories/plexus-single-slot-usb2.0-card-reader ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] stocks a low cost (99p) SD Card Reader.
 
[https://www.modmypi.com/raspberry-pi-accessories/plexus-single-slot-usb2.0-card-reader ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop] stocks a low cost (99p) SD Card Reader.
  
== Expansion & Low Level Peripherals ==
+
== 扩展 & 低级外设 ==
 
If you plan on making use of the low level interfaces available on the RPi, then ensure you have suitable header pins for the GPIO (and if required JTAG) suitable for your needs.
 
If you plan on making use of the low level interfaces available on the RPi, then ensure you have suitable header pins for the GPIO (and if required JTAG) suitable for your needs.
  

Revision as of 20:28, 8 December 2013

RaspPi.png 返回信息中心


入门:

购买指南 - for advice on buying the Raspberry Pi.

SD Card Setup - for information on how to prepare the SD Card used to boot your Raspberry Pi.

Basic Setup - for help with buying / selecting other hardware and setting it up.

Beginners Guide - you are up and running, now what can you do?

Advanced Setup - for more extensive information on setting up.

Trouble Shooting - some things to check if things don't work as expected.

你需要拥有的典型硬件

你可能已经决定去买一个Raspberry Pi,因为觉得Pi很棒,如果你有一个想法来使用Pi,此处将帮助你.你购买了主板,但是你将需要另外一些部件来使用它.有些部件你可能身边就有直接使用,有些部件你可能需要从其他分发或出售的人那里购买,有些你需要自己购买.考虑到你的购买;相对便宜的设备,你可能从更贵的部件里面获取的收益很少.

Raspberry Pi 能被使用于常见的电脑配置,带有监控,鼠标和显示器,或者使用于 "headless" 配置,使用于网络上并被网络上的另外一台电脑所控制.你能在Pi上添加一系列额外的外围设备;本页第一章节包含了设置Pi的最小数量的外设以确保你能使其开始工作.额外的外设被包含在第二章节.

设备 传统模式 伺服模式 快捷链接
Raspberry Pi 主板 需要 需要 The Pi Hut
电源供应器 需要 需要 The Pi Hut
SD 卡 + 操作系统 需要 需要 The Pi Hut
USB 键盘 需要 不需要 The Pi Hut
USB 鼠标 如果使用 GUI 桌面,则需要。 不需要 The Pi Hut
显示器 需要 不需要
显示器连接线 需要 不需要 The Pi Hut
网络电缆 如需使用网络,则需要 A 型号不支持;B 型号如果不使用 WiFi 则需要。 The Pi Hut
WiFi USB 适配器 如需使用网络,则需要 对于 A 型号,需要。对于 B 型号,若没有有线网络连接则需要。 The Pi Hut
有源 USB 分线器 若使用 USB WiFi 复杂键盘或鼠标,则需要 不需要 The Pi Hut
其他 PC / 笔记本等 不需要 需要
实时时钟模块 若没有网络,则需要 若没有网络,则需要


IMPORTANT For USB devices other than a mouse and a simple wired keyboard (for USB devices drawing more than 100mA) a powered USB hub is strongly recommended. A technical discussion as to why can be found here. Specifically the RPi's built in USB hub is designed only for "Single current unit" USB devices. Note that when using Revision 2 (or later) boards the problem has been mitigated somewhat with the removal of the USB polyfuses, still due to the limited current the PI can provide to USB devices, due to its main polyfuse, its still recommended to use a hub for all USB peripherals requiring more than 100mA.

Other, optional equipment includes:

供电

装置使用一个 Micro USB 连接来为其供电(仅供电引脚连接 - 所以此连接将不会传输数据). 一个标准的带有 micro-USB 连接的现代手机充电器即可使用,但是需要在 5v 时能至少提供 700mA 电流.仔细检查你的供电设备等级,及 当心廉价仿制品!.

Pi Hut 提供 5V 1500mA 供电,专为Raspberry Pi制造.此处有三个种类 :

其他合适的电源适配器在此处提供 RPi 商店, 及eBay.ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop 存有专为Raspberry Pi设计定制的 5V 2A 电源适配器.

你能使用一系列其他的电源(假定他们能够提供足够的电源 ~700mA):

  • 电脑 USB 端口或带供电 USB hub (将取决于供电输出)
  • 带有 USB 端口的特殊墙壁插座
  • 手机后备电池 (将取决于供电输出) (理论上 - 需认证)
  • 带有内置 USB 的现代电视 (例如, 已经被展示可工作于 Sony KDL-40HX723 和 KDL-55NX813)
  • 带有 USB 端口的 Internet 路由 (BT Home Hub 3 看起来使Pi运行的很好)

要使用以上电源,你将要需要一个 USB A '公口' 转 USB micro '母口' 线 - 它们通常是手机的数据线.

电源开关

Additionally, the Raspberry Pi does not have the functionality of an on/off switch like traditionally seen on a PC. Pi Supply have for sale an add on board that introduces this functionality, allowing you to easily manage power on your Raspberry Pi, without wearing out your back, or the micro-USB socket on the Pi. It also includes a safe shutdown switch to avoid corruption of your SD card.

For detailed information about power requirements see RPi Hardware - Power.

可携带电池包

Want to use your Raspberry Pi on the go? Then you need a Portable Power Pack! The rechargeable battery pack allows you to use your Raspberry Pi anywhere. Available from The Pi Hut - Portable Power Pack for the Raspberry Pi

已准备好操作系统的SD卡

The RPi has no internal storage or built-in boot code, so it requires an SD-Card that is set up to boot the RPi and launch the Operating System. You should look at the RPi Easy SD Card Setup page for instructions about buying a preinstalled card or creating your own loaded SD Card.

键盘 & 鼠标

Most standard USB keyboards and mice will work with the RPi. Wireless keyboard/mice should also function, and only require a single USB port for an RF dongle. In order to use a Bluetooth keyboard or mouse you would need to use a Bluetooth dongle, which again uses a single port.

Remember that the Model A has a single USB port and the Model B only has two (typically a keyboard and mouse will use a USB port each) - see USB Hub below.

To check your mouse and keyboard are compatible with Linux, see RPi Verified Peripherals.

显示设备

RPi有两种显示连接选择,HDMI (高分辨率) 和 Composite (低分辨率).

  • HD TVs and most LCD Monitors can be connected using a full-size 'male' HDMI cable, and with an inexpensive adaptor if DVI is used. HDMI versions 1.3 and 1.4 are supported, and a version 1.4 cable is recommended. The RPi outputs audio and video via HMDI, but does not support HDMI input.
  • Most older TVs can be connected using Composite (a yellow-to-yellow cable). PAL and NTSC TVs are supported. Note that the RCA output is composite video, not RF, so it cannot be connected directly to the antenna input of a TV, you need to connected it the the yellow video input connector, or to the SCART input using a RCA to SCART plug, (adapter).

When using composite video, audio is available from a 3.5mm (1/8 inch) socket, and can be sent to your TV, or to an amplifier. To send audio to your TV, you will need a cable which adapts from 3.5mm to double (red and white) RCA connectors. These red and white can go into the red and white RCA plug inputs of a TV, or a stereo set, or to the above mentioned RCA to SCART plug. Another option for audio (when not using HDMI) is to connect the 3.5mm jackplug to an amplified speakerset. Do not connect the 3.5 mm jack directly to a headset, as the 3.5 mm audio output isn't suitable to drive headsets, only amplifier inputs. Attaching a low impedance load, (such as a headset) to the stereo audio output may lead to distorted sound.

Using an HDMI to DVI-D (digital) adaptor plus a DVI to VGA adaptor will not work. HDMI does not supply the DVI-A (analogue) needed to convert to VGA - converting an HDMI or DVI-D source to VGA (or component) needs an active converter. (It can work out cheaper to buy a new monitor). Problems have been reported with converters if the power supply is not adequate and the converter is not powered from its own power supply.

The Pi Hut offer two adapters that will allow the Raspberry Pi to be used with multiple monitor formats

For detailed information see Rpi Screens.

线缆

You will probably need a number of cables in order to connect your RPi up.

  1. Micro-B USB Power Cable (see above) picture. This has to be a high quality one.
  2. HDMI-A picture or Composite cable picture, plus DVI adaptor picture or SCART adaptor picture if required, to connect your RPi to the Display/Monitor/TV of your choice.
  3. Audio cable picture, this is not needed if you use a HDMI TV/monitor.
  4. Ethernet/LAN Cable (see below) picture.

The price you pay for an HDMI cable can very wildly and under most circumstances a low-cost cable from a reputable online or local supplier will be absolutely fine, but the definition of what constitutes 'low cost' can vary wildly - for example, in the UK, a 1m cable can be purchased for anything between £1 and £24.99. If, however, you want to drive a display some distance from the RPi (say greater than the ubiquitous 1.8m/6ft), or you are using a video switch to share a display between several devices, then higher quality cables might be wise - for example, a pair of 1m HDMI cables purchased in a UK 'pound shop' worked fine when directly connected between the RPi and a display, but would not give a stable picture when used via an HDMI switch. Replacing the £1 1m cable with a 1.5m cable bought online for £1.30 fixed the problem. For more insight: Why you don't need to spend more than £2 on an HDMI cable

Fully tested cables are available from Pi Supply, The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store, and ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop offers a range of High Quality coloured 'Noodle' cables.

网络 / Internet 连通

This may be an Ethernet/LAN cable (standard RJ45 connector) or a USB WiFi adaptor. The RPi ethernet port is auto-sensing which means that it may be connected to a router or directly to another computer (without the need for a crossover cable[1]).

Support for USB WiFi adaptors will vary - see RPi Verified Peripherals.

Note: If a Netgear router has a blank in the fourth box of the subnet mask, raspbian will interpret that as a 255, not as a '0' like Ubuntu. This will give you a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 and a useless network connection. Changing the router's setting to put a '0' in the last field and reinitializing the network will fix this.

USB-Hub

In order to connect additional devices to the RPi, you may want to obtain a USB Hub, which will allow multiple devices to be used.

It is recommended that a powered hub is used - this will provide any additional power to the devices without affecting the RPi itself. The USB ports are fused at about 140ma each without an additional external power source. This not enough to power a hard drive, and you may even have trouble powering wireless adapters and other peripherals. There is enough current out there, however, for mice and most keyboards. (see RPi Hardware - Power section).

USB version 2.0 is recommended. USB version 1.1 is fine for keyboards and mice, but may not be fast enough for other accessories.

实时时钟

通过使用一个预装的,电池供电的 '实时时钟'(RTC),笔记本和电脑在断电后能保持时间.然而,实时时钟模块没有被包含在Raspberry Pi中.为了保持时间,Raspberry Pi自动依赖以太网或WiFi从互联网更新日期和时间.对于没有互联网连接的项目,你可以考虑添加一个低成本的电池供电RTC来帮助你的Pi保持时间.

Afterthought Software have released a 'Plug and Play' Real Time Clock designed specifically for the Raspberry Pi which, unlike other RTC's available, plugs directly in to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO Ports. The unit is available from ModMyPi and comes complete with an easy to follow Installation Guide.

另一台 PC

If you need to install the Operating System on your own SD Card you will need another PC, Laptop or Mac to do so (or get a friend or local group to do it for you). If you are running headless, you also need one, though for a lot of uses (but not all) you can use a tablet or smart phone. This does include another Pi!

连接到一起

A diagram denoting the places of the different components on the Rpi, made by Paul Beech. Click to enlarge.

You can use the diagram to connect everything together using the following instructions:

  1. Plug the SD Card loaded with the Operating System into the Pi.
  2. If required, plug the USB keyboard and mouse into the Pi, perhaps via a USB Hub. Connect the Hub to power, if necessary.
  3. If required, plug the video cable into the display and into the Pi.
  4. Plug in your Network cable, or WiFi dongle, if required.
  5. Ensure that your USB Hub (if any) and display are working.
  6. With your screen on, plug the other end of the power source into the Pi.
  7. Plug the power source into the main socket, and switch it on.
  8. If connected to a display, the Pi should boot up and display messages on the screen.
  9. If running headless, it should boot up. When the leds have stopped flashing, connect to the Pi from the remote computer. Whether this works will depend on the operating system you are using; the Raspian Linux operating system is configured to allow SSH connections by default.

It is always recommended to connect the MicroUSB Power to the unit last (while most connections can be made live, it is best practice to connect items such as displays and other connections with the power turned off).

If you use both a R-PI power supply and a powered hub, its recommended you connect them to the same switched power bar, and use the switch on the power bar to switch off both the R-PI and hub at the exact same time.

Also, always shutdown using the software shutdown function, not by pulling the plug. When not using a GUI, (with a GUI use the GUI command) you can use the command "sudo halt", and power off when all the LED's on the board (except the power LED) go off. This is especially important the first time you boot, as in the process the R-PI modifies the content of the SD-card, without a clean shutdown the contents of the card may be damaged.

The RPi may take a long time to boot when powered-on for the first time, so be patient, and cleanly shutdown afterwards, as described above!

附加的外设

You may decide you want to use various other devices with your RPi, such as Flash Drives/Portable Hard Drives, Speakers etc.

For detailed information see RPi Verified Peripherals.

散热片

Not a vital accessory for your RPi, but will help to reduce the CPU's temperature whilst under load. Available from The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store, Etsy, ModMyPi (with lots of tips and tricks for reducing temperature in the reviews) or eBay

外壳

Since the RPi is supplied without a case, it will be important to ensure that you do not use it in places where it will come into contact with conductive metal or liquids, unless suitably protected. Some form of case should be considered, and there is a Rpi case thread on the forum. Cases are also available from The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store,ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop and MobileApp Systems.

For detailed information see Rpi Cases.

SD卡读卡器

You may need an SD card reader to prepare an SD card, or read a second one, both for the Pi or the other computer if it does not have an integral SD card reader.

ModMyPi's Raspberry Pi Shop stocks a low cost (99p) SD Card Reader.

扩展 & 低级外设

If you plan on making use of the low level interfaces available on the RPi, then ensure you have suitable header pins for the GPIO (and if required JTAG) suitable for your needs.

Also if you have a particular low-level project in mind, then ensure you design in suitable protection circuits to keep your RPi safe (details will be made available within the RPi Projects, Guides & Tutorials section).

For detailed information see Rpi Low-level Peripherals.

External Links

For a verbose guide aimed at absolute beginners, see Peripherals You'll Need and Getting Started in h2g2's 'Introducing the Raspberry Pi'.

For a cautionary tale of '7 gotchas' to be on the lookout for (especially concerning the re-use of old monitors, keyboards, etc), see Raspbery Pi 'Gotchas' and new buyer tips

References