| Number
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Page
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Caption
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Listing
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| 4-3
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4-15
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Kernel Subdirectory
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 4_3
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ ls -ls arch/arm/plat-omap/ | grep -v \\.o
total 432
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 11124 2010-03-23 20:06 clock.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 8521 2010-03-23 20:06 common.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 4033 2010-03-23 20:06 cpu-omap.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 2192 2010-03-23 20:06 debug-devices.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 7170 2010-03-23 20:06 debug-leds.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 10890 2010-03-23 20:06 devices.c
56 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 52586 2010-03-23 20:06 dma.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 22660 2010-03-23 20:06 dmtimer.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 10055 2010-03-23 20:06 fb.c
64 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 61308 2010-03-23 20:06 gpio.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 5058 2010-03-23 20:06 i2c.c
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 qiang qiang 4096 2010-03-23 20:06 include
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 6265 2010-03-23 20:06 io.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 20765 2010-03-23 20:06 iommu.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 9117 2010-03-23 20:06 iommu-debug.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 2745 2010-03-23 20:06 iopgtable.h
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 19320 2010-03-23 20:06 iovmm.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 4819 2010-03-23 20:06 Kconfig
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 8522 2010-03-23 20:06 mailbox.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 882 2010-03-23 20:06 Makefile
44 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 43730 2010-03-23 20:06 mcbsp.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 2263 2010-03-23 20:06 mux.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 2739 2010-03-23 20:06 ocpi.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 21397 2010-03-23 20:06 omap_device.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 7069 2010-03-23 20:06 omap-pm-noop.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 12878 2010-03-23 20:06 sram.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 qiang qiang 18770 2010-03-23 20:06 usb.c
|
| 4-4
|
4-17
|
Snippet from Linux 2.6.config
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 4_4
#
# CONFIG_64BIT is not set
CONFIG_X86_32=y
# CONFIG_X86_64 is not set
CONFIG_X86=y
CONFIG_OUTPUT_FORMAT="elf32-i386"
CONFIG_ARCH_DEFCONFIG="arch/x86/configs/i386_defconfig"
CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CMOS_UPDATE=y
CONFIG_CLOCKSOURCE_WATCHDOG=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS=y
CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS_BROADCAST=y
CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y
CONFIG_MMU=y
|
| 4-6
|
4-22
|
Makefile Targets
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 4_6
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ make help
Cleaning targets:
clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files
Configuration targets:
config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
localmodconfig - Update current config disabling modules not loaded
localyesconfig - Update current config converting local mods to core
silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly, additionally update deps
randconfig - New config with random answer to all options
defconfig - New config with default answer to all options
allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible
allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes
allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no
Other generic targets:
all - Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel
* modules - Build all modules
modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ - Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only
dir/file.ko - Build module including final link
modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors
cscope - Generate cscope index
kernelrelease - Output the release version string
kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile
headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: /home/qiang/Desktop/linux-2.6/usr)
Static analysers
checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files
export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers
Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg - Build the kernel as an deb package
tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball
Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs - HTML
pdfdocs - PDF
psdocs - Postscript
xmldocs - XML DocBook
mandocs - man pages
installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs
cleandocs - clean all generated DocBook files
Architecture specific targets (x86):
* bzImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)
install - Install kernel using
(your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo
fdimage - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
fdimage144 - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
fdimage288 - Create 2.8MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
isoimage - Create a boot CD-ROM image (arch/x86/boot/image.iso)
bzdisk/fdimage*/isoimage also accept:
FDARGS="..." arguments for the booted kernel
FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel
i386_defconfig - Build for i386
x86_64_defconfig - Build for x86_64
make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK
Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
|
| 4-10
|
4-32
|
Customized .config File Snippet
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 4_10
# CONFIG_ARCH_PNX4008 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_PXA is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_MSM is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_SHMOBILE is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_RPC is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_SA1100 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_S3C2410 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_S3C64XX is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_S5P6440 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_S5P6442 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_S5PC1XX is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_S5PV210 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_SHARK is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_LH7A40X is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_U300 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_U8500 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_NOMADIK is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_DAVINCI is not set
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP=y
#
# TI OMAP Implementations
#
# CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP1 is not set
CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP2PLUS=y
# CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP2 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3 is not set
# CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP4 is not set
|
| 4-11
|
4-33
|
Makefile from .../arch/arm/mach-ixp4xx Kernel Subdirectory
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 4_11
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6/arch/arm/plat-omap$ head -n 20 Makefile
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#
# Common support
obj-y := common.o sram.o clock.o devices.o dma.o mux.o gpio.o \
usb.o fb.o io.o
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=
# OCPI interconnect support for 1710, 1610 and 5912
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP16XX) += ocpi.o
# omap_device support (OMAP2+ only at the moment)
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP2) += omap_device.o
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP3) += omap_device.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP) += mcbsp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU) += iommu.o iovmm.o
|
| Number
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Page
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Caption
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Listing
|
| 5-2
|
5-5
|
Assembly File piggy.s
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6/arch/arm/boot/compressed$ cat piggy.gzip.S
.section .piggydata,#alloc
.globl input_data
input_data:
.incbin "arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gzip"
.globl input_data_end
input_data_end:
|
| 5-4
|
5-18
|
Console Setup Code Snippet
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6/arch/arm/boot/compressed$ cat piggy.gzip.S
.section .piggydata,#alloc
.globl input_data
input_data:
.incbin "arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gzip"
.globl input_data_end
input_data_end:
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_4
/*
* Set up a list of consoles. Called from init/main.c
*/
static int __init console_setup(char *str)
{
char buf[sizeof(console_cmdline[0].name) + 4]; /* 4 for index */
char *s, *options, *brl_options = NULL;
int idx;
#ifdef CONFIG_A11Y_BRAILLE_CONSOLE
if (!memcmp(str, "brl,", 4)) {
brl_options = "";
str += 4;
} else if (!memcmp(str, "brl=", 4)) {
brl_options = str + 4;
str = strchr(brl_options, ',');
if (!str) {
printk(KERN_ERR "need port name after brl=\n");
return 1;
}
*(str++) = 0;
|
| 5-5
|
5-19
|
Family of _setup Macro Definitions from init.h
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_5
/*
* Only for really core code. See moduleparam.h for the normal way.
*
* Force the alignment so the compiler doesn't space elements of the
* obs_kernel_param "array" too far apart in .init.setup.
*/
#define __setup_param(str, unique_id, fn, early) \
static const char __setup_str_##unique_id[] __initconst \
__aligned(1) = str; \
static struct obs_kernel_param __setup_##unique_id \
__used __section(.init.setup) \
__attribute__((aligned((sizeof(long))))) \
= { __setup_str_##unique_id, fn, early }
#define __setup(str, fn) \
__setup_param(str, fn, fn, 0)
|
| 5-6
|
5-20
|
Kernel Command Line Processing
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_6
static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
{
struct obs_kernel_param *p;
int had_early_param = 0;
p = __setup_start;
do {
int n = strlen(p->str);
if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
if (p->early) {
/* Already done in parse_early_param?
* (Needs exact match on param part).
* Keep iterating, as we can have early
* params and __setups of same names 8( */
if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
had_early_param = 1;
} else if (!p->setup_func) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
" ignored\n", p->str);
return 1;
} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
return 1;
}
p++;
} while (p < __setup_end);
return had_early_param;
}
|
| 5-7
|
5-23
|
Example Initialization Routine
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_7
static void (*init_machine)(void) __initdata;
static int __init customize_machine(void)
{
/* customizes platform devices, or adds new ones */
if (init_machine)
init_machine();
return 0;
}
|
| 5-8
|
5-23
|
initcall Family of Macros
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_8
#define __define_initcall(level,fn,id) \
static initcall_t __initcall_##fn##id __used \
__attribute__((__section__(".initcall" level ".init"))) = fn
/*
* Early initcalls run before initializing SMP.
*
* Only for built-in code, not modules.
*/
#define early_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("early",fn,early)
/*
* A "pure" initcall has no dependencies on anything else, and purely
* initializes variables that couldn't be statically initialized.
*
* This only exists for built-in code, not for modules.
*/
#define pure_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("0",fn,0)
#define core_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("1",fn,1)
#define core_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall("1s",fn,1s)
#define postcore_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("2",fn,2)
#define postcore_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall("2s",fn,2s)
#define arch_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("3",fn,3)
#define arch_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall("3s",fn,3s)
#define subsys_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("4",fn,4)
#define subsys_initcall_sync(fn) __define_initcall("4s",fn,4s)
|
| 5-9
|
5-26
|
Creation of Kernel init Thread
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_9
static noinline void __init_refok rest_init(void)
__releases(kernel_lock)
{
int pid;
rcu_scheduler_starting();
kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
numa_default_policy();
pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
rcu_read_lock();
kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
rcu_read_unlock();
unlock_kernel();
/*
* The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
* at least once to get things moving:
*/
init_idle_bootup_task(current);
preempt_enable_no_resched();
schedule();
preempt_disable();
/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
cpu_idle();
}
|
| 5-10
|
5-27
|
Initialization via initcalls
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_10
extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[], __early_initcall_end[];
static void __init do_initcalls(void)
{
initcall_t *fn;
for (fn = __early_initcall_end; fn < __initcall_end; fn++)
do_one_initcall(*fn);
/* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
flush_scheduled_work();
}
|
| 5-11
|
5-28
|
Final Kernel Boot Steps from main.c
|
qiang@qiang-laptop:~/Desktop/linux-2.6$ cat 5_11
* makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
*/
static noinline int init_post(void)
__releases(kernel_lock)
{
/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
async_synchronize_full();
free_initmem();
unlock_kernel();
mark_rodata_ro();
system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
numa_default_policy();
current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;
if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
ramdisk_execute_command);
|
