EBC Exercise 02 Out-of-the-Box, Bone

These instructions are for the 3.8 and newer kernels. EBC Exercise 02 Out-of-the-Box, Bone 3.2 Kernel has instructions for the 3.2 kernel.

Local Internet Connection, Cloud 9
One of the slickest features of the Bone is its ability to access the Internet through the USB (tether) connection. Plug a microUSB cable into your bone and plug the other end into your host computer and wait for the Bone to boot up. Once the lights settle down to a heartbeat pattern point a browser on your host computer to 192.168.7.2. You will see an introduction page for the Bone. This page is being served up by the Bone over a local internet connection. Go and explore it.

Also, point your browser to 192.168.7.2:3000. Here you will see the Cloud 9 IDE (integrated development environment).

Internet Connection to the Outside World
Once the Bone can connect to the host, the host can be used for forward requests from the Bone to the Internet. Follow the instructions below to set up your host and Bone so the bone can access the internet through your host.

See your networks with ifconfig
Run:

host$ ifconfig ens1     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1a:4b:58:f7:4b inet addr:137.112.41.36 Bcast:10.0.4.255  Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::b6d7:76a6:e870:e98f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500  Metric:1 RX packets:113337 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:76269 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:131750476 (131.7 MB) TX bytes:9701999 (9.7 MB) Interrupt:16 enxec1127bf0841 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ec:11:27:bf:08:41 inet addr:192.168.7.1 Bcast:192.168.7.3  Mask:255.255.255.252 inet6 addr: fe80::a875:1dfb:9b97:d049/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500  Metric:1 RX packets:1296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1862 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:410669 (410.6 KB) TX bytes:367011 (367.0 KB) enxec1127bf0844 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ec:11:27:bf:08:44 inet addr:192.168.6.1 Bcast:192.168.6.3  Mask:255.255.255.252 inet6 addr: fe80::9bbb:428a:70a0:6cc7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500  Metric:1 RX packets:479 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:788 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:258714 (258.7 KB) TX bytes:109717 (109.7 KB) lo       Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536  Metric:1 RX packets:2303 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2303 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:203157 (203.1 KB) TX bytes:203157 (203.1 KB)

ssh and changing the password
You'll see two new networks have appeared, enxec1127bf0841 and enxec1127bf0844 in my case. The IP address of your host is 192.168.7.1. There's a good chance the Bone is at 192.168.7.2. Try connecting to it. The default password is temppwd. host$ ssh debian@192.168.7.2 bone$ You are now logged into the Bone through the network. This is much faster than the serial port (.115M vs. 100M) and supports many interesting network operations.

Take a look around. What do you find?

Since everyone knows the default password, change it to something else.

bone$ passwd Changing password for debian. (current) UNIX password: Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully

The only problem is, the Beagle doesn't know how to access the Internet through the host. Get back to the host computer:

bone$ exit

Setting up shortcuts to make life easier
We'll be ssh'ing from the host to the bone often, here are some shortcuts I use so instead of typing ssh debian@192.168.7.2 and a password every time, I can enter ssh bone and no password.

First edit /etc/hosts and add a couple of lines.

host$ sudo nano /etc/hosts

You may use whatever editor you want. I suggest nano since it's easy to figure out. Add the following to the end of /etc/hosts and quit the editor.

192.168.7.2    bone 192.168.8.1    bone2

Now you can connect with host$ ssh debian@bone

Let's make it so you don't have to enter debian. On your host computer, put the following in ~/.ssh/config

Host bone User debian UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null StrictHostKeyChecking no Host bone2 User debian UserKnownHostsFile /dev/null StrictHostKeyChecking no

These say that whenever you login to bone or bone2, login as debian. Now you can enter.

host$ ssh bone

One last thing, let's make it so you don't have to add a password. Back to your host.

host$ ssh-keygen Accept all the defaults and then host$ ssh-copy-id bone Now all you have to enter is host$ ssh bone and no password is required. If you, especially virtual machine users, get an error says "sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation", you can solve this by entering host$ ssh-add which adds the private key identities to the authentication agent. Then you should be able to host$ ssh bone without problems.

Setting up a root login
By default the image we are running doesn't allow a root login. You can also sudo from debian, but sometimes it's nice to login as root. Here's how to setup root so you can login from your host without a password.

host$ ssh bone bone$ sudo bash root@bone# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Search for the line and change it to PermitRootLogin yes
 * 1) PermitRootLogin prohibit-password

(The # symbol indicates a comment and must be removed in order for the setting to take effect.)

Save the file and quit the editor. Restart ssh so it will reread the file. root@bone# systemctl restart sshd

And assign a password to root. root@bone# passwd

Now open another window on your host computer and enter: host$ ssh-copy-id root@bone and enter the root password. Test it with: host$ ssh root@bone You should be connected without a password. Now go back to the Bone and turn off the root password access.

root@bone# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config Restore the line: and restart sshd. root@bone# systemctl restart sshd root@bone# exit bone$ exit
 * 1) PermitRootLogin prohibit-password

You should now be able to got back to your host computer and login as root on the bone without a password. host$ ssh root@bone

You have access to your bone without passwords only from you host computer. Try it from another computer and see what happens.

Set Up Git
We need to run some files that are in the class git repository. We'll learn more about using git later. Here I'll just show you how to get the files. Here we are installing these files on your host computer, later we'll install them on your Beagle.

On my host computer I had to run

host$ sudo apt install git

Get the Files
It only takes one command to pull down all the files.

host$ git clone https://github.com/MarkAYoder/BeagleBoard-exercises.git exercises --depth=1 (The whole repo is some 700M. Using --depth=1 you only get the recent history and it only takes 200M.)

This will take a while since it's getting all the course files, including pdf files of the course PowerPoint.

Running ipMasquerade.sh
Now that the files are installed, run: host$ cd exercises/setup host$ ./ipMasquerade.sh ens1 Plug in for ens1 whatever is returned when you run ifconfig. This will give you instructions on how to set up your host. Note: If you are using a wireless connection you should use

host$ ./ipMasquerade.sh wlp16s0 where wlp16s0 is what is returned by ifconfig for your wireless connection on your host.

Once ./ipMasquerade.sh has been run you can: host$ ./firstssh.sh Now you should have network access on the Bone. bone$ ping -c2 google.com

You should see Google responding.

Congratulations! Your Beagle is now on the network through your host computer.

You will have to run ipMasquerade.sh only after rebooting your host computer and run firstssh.sh after rebooting your bone. Once firstssh has be run you should ssh from your host with the standard ssh command.

Unknown Host
If you get an unknown host response when attempting to ping google.com, and you are off campus, try pinging the Google DNS by IP address. Run:

bone$ ping 8.8.8.8

If you are on campus, run:

bone$ ping 137.112.5.28

If you now see responses by pinging a specific IP, it is possible that a firewall on your host computer is blocking the Beagle's access to the DNS when attempting to ping by domain name. On Ubuntu/Mint, run:

host$ sudo ufw disable Firewall stopped and disabled on system startup

You should get a response, such as above, that the firewall will be disabled upon next startup. After saving anything important, restart your host through the start menu or run:

host$ reboot

Repeat this exercise and attempt to ping Google by domain name again. If you now receive responses, then the firewall was indeed the issue. Otherwise, the internet is your friend. Use your host computer to try and find a solution. Feel free to add solutions here when you find them

OSX
I haven't checked these instructions this year. Please report your results and update if needed.


 * 1) go to System Preferences and select Network
 * 2) You should see RNDIS/...Gadget.  This is the network connection to the Beagle.  Select it
 * 3) Wait for the IP address 192.168.7.1 to appear
 * 4) Click Show All and select Sharing
 * 5) Select Internet Sharing
 * 6) Select RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget

In a terminal window connect to the serial port

host$ screen /dev/ttyusb*B 115200 bone$ udhcpc -i usb0 bone$ ping google.com

This is all nicely shown here in this silent YouTube movie.

Congratulations, you now have a connection from your BeagleBone to the Internet.

Windows 7
I haven't checked these either. Please report results and update if needed.

There are several ways of running ssh on Windows 7. Below are a couple of tools that you can use.

Environment Setup
You can either run ssh from a bash terminal (i.e. C:\Program Files\Git\Git Bash or C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat), or you can add the bin directories to your path and run from the Windows command prompt (i.e. add C:\Program Files\Git\bin or C:\cygwin\bin to your path).

Note: Be careful adding multiple bin directories to your path

First time setup
 * 1) Run regedit
 * 2) Navigate to Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters
 * 3) Change IPEnableRouter from 0 to 1
 * 4) Close regedit
 * 5) Run services
 * 6) Make sure the following are set to Automatic and are started
 * 7) Routing and Remote Access
 * 8) Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)

Connecting to the Internet
After ejecting
 * 1) Navigate to Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network and Sharing Center\Change adapter settings
 * 2) Right click your wired/wireless internet connection and go to Properties
 * 3) Go to the Sharing tab
 * 4) Check the box to Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection
 * 5) Select your bone's local area connection for the Home networking connection (if you cannot choose the local area connection, turn your internet connection sharing off and then back on)
 * 6) Return to Change adapter settings
 * 7) Right click your Bone's internet connection and go to Properties
 * 8) Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and choose Properties
 * 9) Choose Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically

Open a command prompt or bash terminal and run the following: host$ ping 192.168.7.2

If this ping times out then disable and re-enable your bone's local area connection and try again. Once it works run the following: host$ ssh root@192.168.7.2

Login as root and run the following:

bone$ echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf bone$ echo "nameserver 8.8.8.4" >> /etc/resolv.conf bone$ /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.7.1 bone$ ping google.com

If 'ping:unknown host google.com' occurs, run this instead:

bone$ echo "nameserver 137.112.4.196" > /etc/resolv.conf bone$ /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.7.1 bone$ ping google.com

Congratulations, you now have a connection from your BeagleBone through your Linux host to the Internet.