BeagleBone Community



This page collects information about BeagleBoard.org's range of BeagleBone boards based on the TI Sitara AM335x, an application processor SoC containing an ARM Cortex-A8 core. The range currently consists of the original BeagleBone and the upgraded but lower cost BeagleBone Black.

Most features are common to the two models. The differences between them are described in each section under a BeagleBone Black subheading.

= Events =
 * ongoing 2009: Beagle Sponsored Project Program - add a cool project and get a free BeagleBoard to realize it!

= Description = The two models of BeagleBone share most features in common through employing only slightly different versions of the same TI Sitara SoC. In addition they both adhere to the same standard for expansion and interfacing through "cape" daughterboards.

BeagleBone (original)
The BeagleBone is a low-cost, high-expansion board from the BeagleBoard product line. It uses the TI AM3358/9 SoC based on an ARM Cortex-A8 processor core using the ARMv7-A architecture. It is similar in purpose to earlier BeagleBoards, and can be used either standalone or as a USB or Ethernet-connected expansion for a BeagleBoard or any other system. The BeagleBone is small even by BeagleBoard standards yet still provides much of the performance and capabilities of the larger BeagleBoards.

BeagleBone ships with a 4GB micro-SD card preloaded with the Angstrom ARM Linux distribution.

The board uses a TI TPS65217B PMIC to generate stable supply voltages regardless of input power variation. +5V DC power can be supplied to the BeagleBone through a barrel connector or from the mini-USB, both of which are located near the large RJ45 Ethernet connector.

The mini-USB type-A OTG/device client-mode socket is multi-functional. In addition to providing an alternative source of power, it gives access to an on-board front-end two-port USB client-side hub. (This is not related to the separate host-mode USB socket described later). One port of the hub goes directly to the USB0 port of the TI AM3358/9 SoC, while the other port connects to a dual-port FTDI FT2232H USB-to-serial converter to provide board-to-external-host serial communications and/or JTAG debugging. The BeagleBone's Linux serial console is available through this USB serial connection.

The SoC's USB0 connection to the front-end hub works in one of two modes, and you can toggle between them at any time: it either presents the SD card as a mountable USB storage device to the host, or it provides an Ethernet-over-USB networking interface which yields a simple method of quick-start. The Ethernet-over-USB facility is additional to the BeagleBone's normal 10/100 Ethernet interface, which is directly implemented in the SoC rather than hanging off USB as in some other designs. Full IPv4 and IPv6 networking is provided by the supplied Linux system out of the box.

In addition to the USB OTG Device or client-mode facilities already described, BeagleBone also provides one host-mode USB type-A socket on the other end of the board. This is driven from the USB1 connection on the AM3358/9 SoC, and provides access to USB host peripherals such as mice, keyboards, storage, and wifi or Bluetooth dongles, or a USB hub for further expansion.

BeagleBone Black
On 23rd April 2013, Beagleboard officially announced BeagleBone Black at a price approximately half that of the original BeagleBone.

The new board's most important new features include a AM3359 SoC upgraded to 1GHz, doubling of memory to 512MB, use of faster DDR3 memory in contrast to the DDR2 of the original BeagleBone, and a new HDMI audio/visual output. (The original BeagleBone required an additional cape daughterboard for graphic output).

= Specifications = The two boards are very similar in those features provided directly by the SoC. Despite the original BeagleBone being specified as using "AM3358/9", in practice most boards are believed to have shipped with the AM3359 generic part. BeagleBone Black has therefore upgraded only the specific device selected from the AM3359 range, and hence the differences are few. In contrast, the boards have significantly different designs but a high degree of compatibility.

BeagleBone

 * Up to 720 MHz superscalar ARM Cortex-A8 AM3358/9
 * 256 MB DDR2 RAM
 * 10/100 Ethernet RJ45 socket, IPv4 and IPv6 networking
 * MicroSD slot and 4GB microSD card supplied
 * Preloaded with Angstrom ARM Linux Distribution
 * Single USB 2.0 type A host port
 * Dual USB hub on USB 2.0 type mini-A OTG device port
 * On-board USB-to-serial/JTAG over one shared USB device port
 * Storage-over-USB or Ethernet-over-USB on other USB device port
 * Extensive I/O: 2 I2C, 5 UART, SPI, CAN, 66 GPIO, 8 PWM, 8 ADC
 * +5V DC power from barrel connector or USB device port
 * Power consumption of 300-500mA at 5V
 * Two 46-pin 3.3-V peripheral headers with multiplexed LCD signals
 * Board size: 3.4" × 2.1" (86.4mm x 53.3mm) -- fits in an Altoid tin

BeagleBone Black (differences)

 * 1 GHz superscalar ARM Cortex-A8 AM3359
 * 512 MB DDR3 RAM
 * On-board 2 GB eMMC flash, preloaded with Angstrom ARM Linux Distribution
 * MicroSD slot for additional user data or operating systems (no card supplied)
 * USB 2.0 type A host port
 * Dedicated single mini-USB 2.0 client port (no additional 2-port hub)
 * New micro-HDMI audio/visual output
 * USB-to-serial and USB-to-JTAG interfaces removed (available on expansion headers)
 * Power expansion header for backlight removed, battery charging moved onto pads
 * Lower power consumption of 210-460 mA at 5V

= Expansion Connectors = The BeagleBone provides two 46-pin dual-row expansion connectors "P9" and "P8" which are also known as "Expansion A" and "Expansion B", respectively. The location and pinout of these connectors is illustrated below (click tables to enlarge). All signals on expansion headers are 3.3V except where indicated otherwise.

P9 and P8 - Each 2x23 pins
In addition to the two large headers above, a small 10-pin dual-row connector provides "P6" provides a "PMIC Expansion" that brings out some additional signals from the TPS65217B Power Management IC, using the following pinout:

P6 - 2x5 pins'''


'''NB. P6 is not available on BeagleBone Black'''

IMPORTANT

This diagram of P6 provides an UNDERSIDE PINOUT view.

It is therefore  laterally inverted  relative to the photograph.

To obtain the top-side pinout that corresponds to the physical orientation shown in the photograph, swap the two rows of pins so that odd-numbered pins are on the left of even-numbered pins.

= Expansion Boards and Accessories =

Capes
A BeagleBone Cape is an expansion board which can be plugged into the BeagleBone's two 46-pin dual-row Expansion Headers and which in turns provides similar headers onto which further capes can be stacked. Up to four capes at a time can be stacked on top of a BeagleBone. An expansion board which can be fitted only at the top of a stack of capes (usually for physical reasons) is a special case of "cape", but this usage is common for display expansion boards such as LCDs (see next section).

Capes are required to provide a 32Kbyte I2C-addressed EEPROM which holds board information such as board name, serial number and revision, although this is typically omitted on simple prototyping capes. Capes are also expected to provide a 2-position DIP switch to select their address in the stack, although this too is often omitted in prototyping capes.

The Capes Registry seeks to index all existing capes and cape concepts, including private projects. A registration page is available to help add capes to the list.

This section lists only those capes which are available commercially or which are close to a production release, as well as open hardware designs.


 * CircuitCo BeagleBone DVI-D cape
 * CircuitCo BeagleBone Breadboard cape
 * CircuitCo BeagleBone Breakout cape
 * CircuitCo BeagleBone CANBus cape
 * CircuitCo BeagleBone RS232 cape
 * CircuitCo BeagleBone Battery cape
 * Adafruit Proto Cape kit for BeagleBone
 * TowerTech TT3201 Multi-Channel CAN Cape
 * Special Computing Spartan-3A FPGA cape for BeagleBone -- in development
 * Thinking Machines LCD-IO Expansion Cape -- in development
 * Open Source BeagleBone Prototyping Board -- piranha32 GitHub repository
 * Embest BeagleBone HDMI cape
 * BeagleBone 6502 RemoteProc cape -- in development

LCD Displays and Other Expansions
LCD displays for the BeagleBone are typically implemented as capes which plug in as the  top board  in a stack of capes, for reasons of visibility. Such displays are often larger than the BeagleBone itself, so the normal physical relationship in which a daughterboard is smaller than its host board is inverted. In this arrangement it is the expansion board that provides the physical support for the BeagleBone.


 * Beaglebone.jpgG Electronics BeadaFrame with BeagleBone companion board
 * Expanded Hardware Features:
 * 7" 800x480 TFT LCD screen
 * PWM Backlight control
 * Resistive touch panel
 * Plastic frame
 * 256MB Nand flash(K9F2G08)
 * RS232 serial ports(UART1 w/ CTS&RTS)
 * Stereo audio out
 * Micro-phone in
 * 6 x USER buttons
 * PWM Beeper
 * RTC with Battery(DS1302)


 * CircuitCo BeagleBone LCD3 cape and LCD display
 * 3.5" TFT LCD screen, resolution 320x240, 4-wire resistive touchscreen, seven buttons at finger-friendly positions.


 * CircuitCo BeagleBone LCD4 cape and LCD display
 * 4" TFT LCD screen, resolution 480x272, 4-wire resistive touchscreen, seven buttons at finger-friendly positions.


 * CircuitCo BeagleBone LCD7 cape and LCD display
 * 7" TFT LCD screen, resolution 800x480, 4-wire resistive touchscreen, rear mount for BeagleBone and capes.


 * A very low cost LCD implementation for the BeagleBone Black using the PRU-ICSS is here. It requires a graphics library to be written; currently it just displays a couple of lines on the screen.

Cases

 * Adafruit Bone Box - Enclosure for Beagle Bone
 * SK Pang Acrylic Cover for BeagleBone
 * Special Computing Bone Acrylic Case
 * canadaduane's 3D-printable BeagleBone Case design
 * NinjaBlock's 3D-printable Beaglebone front panel design
 * builttospec's laser-cut design for BeagleBone Enclosure with DVI Cape
 * Built to Spec BeagleBone Case Update, and final product

= BeagleBone Operating Systems = BeagleBone's default operating system is Angstrom, which ships with the board. This section provides basic information on Angstrom and other operating systems commonly used on BeagleBone. This information may help in making a preliminary choice, but full details should be obtained from the home sites.

The latest images of the official Angstrom images for BeagleBoard.org products can be found at the beagleboard.org latest images web page

Angstrom
Ångström was started by a small group of people who worked on the OpenEmbedded, OpenZaurus and OpenSimpad projects to unify their effort to make a stable and user-friendly distribution for embedded devices like handhelds, set top boxes and network-attached storage devices. Ångström can scale down to devices with only 4MB of flash storage.
 * Home site: http://www.angstrom-distribution.org/
 * Mailing lists: angstrom-distro-devel and angstrom-distro-users
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.freenode.net/#angstrom

The Angstrom community does not provide a forum, intentionally.

Angstrom uses Busybox for many key utilities, which has both pros and cons. Advantages include requiring less storage space and a smaller memory footprint for many common utilities, which also improves system startup time and performance. The main disadvantages stem from those utilities not mirroring exactly their full-size counterparts. These differences can be annoying if one is used to standard behavior, and may also break shell scripts that rely on portable functionality.

Angstrom uses connman for network connection management, but no documentation is available for this currently. Also, man(1) and man pages are not provided by default, nor debugging utilities like strace(1) and tcpdump(1). Getting started may therefore present difficulties, depending on experience.

Debian
The ARM EABI port is the default port of the standard Debian distribution of Linux for the ARM architecture ("armel"). EABI ("Embedded ABI") is actually a family of ABIs, and one of the "subABIs" is the GNU EABI for Linux which is used for this port. Starting with Debian 7.0 (Wheezy) there is a port targeted at newer (armv7 with fpu) hardware with another ABI ("armhf").
 * See BeagleBoardDebian
 * Home site: http://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort
 * Mailing list: http://lists.debian.org/debian-arm/
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.debian.org/debian-arm

The Debian Project is strongly committed to software freedom, and has a long pedigree and a good reputation.

Ubuntu
The vision for Ubuntu is part social and part economic: free software, available free of charge to everybody on the same terms, and funded through a portfolio of services provided by Canonical.
 * See BeagleBoardUbuntu
 * Home site: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.freenode.net/#ubuntu-arm

The first version of Ubuntu was based on the GNOME desktop, but has since added a KDE edition, Kubuntu, and a server edition. All of the editions of Ubuntu share common infrastructure and software. In recent years, special emphasis has been placed on netbooks for lightweight, connected, mobile computing, and on the cloud as a new architecture for data centres.

Fedora
The Fedora Project is sponsored by Red Hat, which invests in its infrastructure and resources to encourage collaboration and incubate innovative new technologies. Some of these technologies may later be integrated into Red Hat products. They are developed in Fedora and produced under a free and open source license from inception, so other free software communities and projects are free to study, adopt, and modify them.
 * See BeagleBoardFedora.
 * Home site: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/ARM
 * Mailing list: http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/arm/
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.freenode.net/#fedora-arm

Red Hat has been a major player since the earliest days of Linux distributions, and has earned a good reputation for solidity which continues in Fedora. The Fedora ARM initiative is very active (see mailing list).

ArchLinux
Arch Linux for BeagleBone is a version of the Arch Linux ARM distribution. This carries forward the Arch Linux philosophy of simplicity and user-centrism, targeting and accommodating competent Linux users by giving them complete control and responsibility over the system. Instructions are provided to assist in navigating the nuances of installation on the varied ARM platforms; however, the system itself will offer little assistance to the user.
 * Home site: http://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv7/beaglebone
 * Source repository: https://github.com/archlinuxarm/PKGBUILDs
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.freenode.net/#archlinux-arm

The entire distribution is on a rolling-release cycle that can be updated daily through small packages instead of huge updates on a defined release schedule. Most packages are unmodified from what the upstream developer originally released.

Gentoo
Gentoo is a source-based  meta-distribution of Linux. Instead of distributing a standard system image built with predefined options, Gentoo gives each user the means to create their own customized system that doesn't contain unused bloat and with minimum dependencies. Upgrades are incremental and under user control, so a Gentoo system is normally always up-to-date and wholesale upgrades are avoided.
 * Home site: http://dev.gentoo.org/~armin76/arm/beaglebone/install.xml
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.freenode.net/#gentoo-embedded

Being a source-based system, the downside of Gentoo for low-power ARM systems is very long install times for large applications. Cross-compilation on x86 machines and distcc can overcome this problem, but they add complexity.

Sabayon
Sabayon Linux uses the mechanisms of Gentoo to create a pre-configured Linux distribution that can be installed as rapidly as a normal binary distribution, but still retains the benefits of Gentoo's source-based package management. Sabayon on Intel/AMD also provides the Entropy binary package management system, which could in principle greatly ease installation of packages on resource-constrained embedded Linux devices, but this is not yet available for ARM.
 * Home site: wiki.sabayon.org/Hitchhikers Guide to the BeagleBone
 * IRC channel: irc://irc.freenode.net/#sabayon

Although it is still early days for Sabayon on ARM (and hence on BeagleBone), there is regular progress reported on lxnay's blog, and contributions from the community would probably accelerate the work.

Buildroot
Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that makes it easy to generate a complete embedded Linux system. Buildroot can generate any or all of a cross-compilation toolchain, a root filesystem, a kernel image and a bootloader image. Buildroot is useful mainly for people working with small or embedded systems, using various CPU architectures (x86, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, etc.) : it automates the building process of your embedded system and eases the cross-compilation process.
 * Home site: http://www.zoobab.com/beaglebone
 * Buildroot project site: http://buildroot.uclibc.org/

The resulting root filesystem is mounted read-only, but other filesystems can be mounted read/write for persistence. Although user accounts can be created, in practice almost everything is done as root. Buildroot uses no package manager. Instead, package selection is managed through make menuconfig.

Nerves Erlang/OTP
Erlang is a programming language used to build massively scalable soft realtime systems with high availability requirements (5-9’s). Some of its uses are in telecoms, banking, e-commerce, computer telephony and instant messaging. Erlang’s runtime system has built-in support for concurrency, distribution and fault tolerance.
 * Home site: http://nerves-project.org/
 * Source repository: https://github.com/nerves-project/bbone-erlang-buildroot
 * Erlang project site: http://www.erlang.org/

OTP is a set of Erlang libraries and design principles providing middle-ware to develop these systems. It includes its own distributed database, applications to interface towards other languages, debugging and release handling tools.

The Nerves project provides an embedded Linux-based environment for running Erlang and an easy-to-use API to access common I/O interfaces, based on Buildroot (see above). If you are interested in running an Erlang node on a low power ARM-based board such as BeagleBone, this project can get you started.

= Board recovery =
 * See BeagleBoardRecovery --- (*) Check applicability

= Software Development = Software development on the BeagleBone is normally no different to any other Linux platform, and typically varies with language and with the IDE used, if any. This section deals only with development issues that are specific to BeagleBone, or mostly so.

Cloud9 IDE and Bonescript
..... description here .....
 * Source repository: https://github.com/jadonk/bonescript
 * Language documentation: http://nodejs.org/

BeagleBone JTAG Debugging
..... description here .....

Using Netbeans to remotely compile and debug C/C++
When developing c/c++ on a linux desktop, a toolchain is available for cross-compiling the code for arm. However no such toolchain is readily available for windows. Netbeans can be used to write the code on your desktop, save it in a location accessible to the beagle, and then automatically compile it on the beagle itself using ssh and the built in compiler on the beaglebone's OS.

Netbeans can also use GDB for remote debugging over ssh.

Requirements:


 * Set up a samba / smb network share through which code can be shared between both desktop and beagle
 * Give netbeans the SSh login details of the beagle
 * Give netbeans the path mapping so it can translate between the desktop code folder and beagle code folder
 * Setup only takes a few minutes.

More info

 * Download Netbeans (Windows/Linux/OS-X/Solaris): http://www.netbeans.org/
 * Example tutorial on setting this up: http://mechomaniac.com/BeagleboardDevelopmentWithNetbeans

= Kernel =

Getting the Right Kernel
The modern BeagleBone kernels are Maintained by Koen Kooi and are available on the 3.8 branch at https://github.com/beagleboard/kernel/tree/3.8. This repo contains a set of patches and a script which downloads a mainline kernel and then patches it appropriately. Exact steps for building it are in the README.

Device Tree
The 3.5 and newer BeagleBone kernels make use of Device Trees. A Device Tree is a text file which describes the layout of a machine, commonly the combination of a system-on-chip (SoC) and a board, so that the kernel can know at what addresses and on which buses hardware is located. The BeagleBone kernels make use of an extension called Capemgr which allows dynamic loading and unloading of device tree fragments both at compile time and from userspace post-boot. Learning about the Device Tree is very essential, if you wish to be able to manipulate pins and be able to use them as inputs/outputs. There is a short guide to it here (part-way down the page). In a nutshell, the device tree can be manipulated by creating a text 'fragment' file that can be converted into a .dtbo file using a program called dtc which is already installed on the BeagleBone Black. The .dtbo file can then be installed and uninstalled as desired. The procedures to install and uninstall are at that link:

echo cape-bone-name > $SLOTS to install, and

echo - > $SLOTS to uninstall, but read through the web page and comments section first to see what $SLOT is set to).

= FAQ =

For BeagleBoard frequently asked questions (FAQ) see community FAQ and "official" BeagleBoard.org FAQ.

= Links =

Home site and Community

 * beagleboard.org -- home for BeagleBoard and BeagleBone products
 * BeagleBone Black -- manufacturer's page for the second BeagleBone board
 * irc://irc.freenode.net/#beagle -- official combined IRC channel
 * Google Groups forums/mailing list -- English, Japan, Brasil, Turkey
 * BeagleBoard and BeagleBone projects list
 * Capes Registry and its registration page
 * BeagleBone articles at Adafruit blog -- products, projects and tutorials
 * Use Google to search beagleboard.org (including IRC logs) using site:beagleboard.org 
 * Linux.com report on BeagleBone Black -- with words from beagleBoard.org's cofounder Jason Kridner
 * github.com/selsinork/beaglebone-black-pinmux -- pinmux data for BeagleBone Black, including extraction scripts
 * Element 14 knode blog: Working with the PRU-ICSS -- detailed tutorial on starting with the PRU on BBB

Tutorials and Videos

 * BeagleBone: BeagleBoard-101 Intro -- slides (turn off Javascript for single page)
 * BeagleBone Intro, video by Jason Kridner, Texas Instruments
 * How-To: Get Started with the BeagleBone, video by Matt Richardson, MakeMagazine
 * The Beaglebone - Unboxing, Introduction Tutorial and First Example, video by Derek Molloy, DCU/EE
 * Beaglebone: C/C++ Programming Introduction for ARM Embedded Linux Development using Eclipse, video by Derek Molloy, DCU/EE
 * Beaglebone: GPIO Programming on ARM Embedded Linux, video by Derek Molloy, DCU/EE
 * C code for GPIO polling, sample code by Andrew Montag
 * First steps with the Beaglebone, introductory HOWTO by octavio at borderhack
 * Adafruit Learning System - BeagleBone -- web page

Manuals and resources

 * BeagleBone System Reference Manual (rev. A3_1.0)
 * Texas Instruments - Sitara AM335x ARM Cortex-A8 Microprocessor overview
 * Texas Instruments - AM3359 Sitara ARM Cortex-A8 Microprocessor full documentation
 * ARM/ARMv7-AR Architecture -- ARM Cortex-A8 architecture overview
 * ARM Cortex-A8 Technical Reference Manual r2p1
 * ARM Cortex-A Development Platforms -- ARM page on Beagle boards
 * TI TPS65217 Power Management IC, TPS65217 PMIC datasheet
 * FTDI FT2232H Hi-Speed Dual USB UART/FIFO IC overview, FT2232H datasheet
 * Linux-USB Gadget API Framework and USB OTG, and kernel config -- Ethernet-over-USB

Translations

 * 한국어:BeagleBone

Errata
= Subpages = 