Latest revision as of 08:47, 13 March 2020

(For BeagleBoardAngstrom, click here.) (Should Beagleboard:Ubuntu On BeagleBone Black be merged into this page?)

This page is about running a Linux distribution (ARM EABI) Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from the SD card. Since much of this page is generic, it has also been extended to help support devices such as the PandaBoard and BeagleBone.

For the best experience, make sure you have an LCD/HDMI monitor attached to the BeagleBoard's HDMI port, 2 GB/4 GB/8 GB SD card, and a known good USB 2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.

Help

If you need any help:

Kernel related help:
- Email Beagleboard user group *Recommended method
- #beagle: Beagle IRC on Freenode, accessible also by web interface (logs)
- Kernel Trees
  - v4.17.x kernel branch
  - Development Kernel source code

Ubuntu related help:
- #ubuntu-arm: Ubuntu's ARM IRC on Freenode (logs -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)

When requesting help, please provide some debugging information:
- U-Boot Version installed on board
- Kernel Version: uname -a
- pastebin dmesg
  - Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)

Required Beagle Software

Mainline U-Boot:

All older BeagleBoard (classic) Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx boards are required to upgrade to at least these U-Boot versions
XM Boards have no NAND, so MLO/u-boot.img is always required on the first partition
Directions: Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot

Omap Serial Changes

boot.scr/boot.cmd changes:

With 2.6.35:

console=ttyS2,115200n8

With 2.6.36/37+:

console=ttyO2,115200n8

Serial console login: /etc/init/ttyO2.conf

start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
exec /sbin/getty 115200 ttyO2

Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image

Demo Image

Advanced Users only: BeagleBoard xM: Kernel source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform.git
cd armv7-multiplatform
git checkout origin/v5.4.x -b tmp
./build_kernel.sh

Advanced Users only: BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/PocketBeagle: Kernel v4.19.x source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev/tree/ti-linux-4.19.y

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev.git
cd ti-linux-kernel-dev
git checkout origin/ti-linux-4.19.y -b tmp
./build_kernel.sh

Ubuntu (18.04.4)

Default username/password:

username: ubuntu
password: temppwd

Image Updated:

2020-03-12
- BeagleBoard xM: v5.4.24-armv7-x20 kernel
- All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
2019-04-10
- BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.31-armv7-x31 kernel
- All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
- BeagleBoard-X15: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
2018-12-10
- BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.8-armv7-x11 kernel
- All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
- BeagleBoard-X15: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel

Services Active:

Note: Depending on your internal network these may work out of the box
Apache, Port 80: http://arm.local/ (Bone: via usb) (Windows/Linux) http://192.168.7.2, (Mac/Linux) http://192.168.6.2
SSH, Port 22: ssh ubuntu@arm.local (Bone: via usb) (Windows/Linux) ubuntu@192.168.7.2, (Mac/Linux) ubuntu@192.168.6.2
Getty, Serial Port

Default user: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/elinux/ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz

Verify Image with:

sha256sum ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz
abe086f9132dfe8e8b9df8d14da225e0ce89a082abc92515de8a2ac63fc54ae2  ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz

Unpack Image:

tar xf ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz
cd ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12

If you don't know the location of your SD card:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc

You should see something like:

Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...

fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes <- x86 Root Drive
Disk /dev/sdd: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes <- MMC/SD card

lsblk:
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0 446.9G  0 part /  <- x86 Root Partition
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0  18.9G  0 part [SWAP]
sdd      8:48   1   3.7G  0 disk 
├─sdd1   8:49   1    64M  0 part 
└─sdd2   8:50   1   3.6G  0 part

In this example, we can see via mount, /dev/sda1 is the x86 rootfs, therefore /dev/sdd is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by ./setup_sdcard.sh...

Install Image:

Quick install script for [board]

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb board

board options:

BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx/Dx - omap3-beagle
BeagleBoard xM - omap3-beagle-xm
All BeagleBone Variants - beaglebone
OMAP5432 uEVM - omap5-uevm
BeagleBoard-X15 (BeagleBone AI) - am57xx-beagle-x15

So for the BeagleBoard xM:

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm

Advanced: Build Image:

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder.git
cd omap-image-builder
git checkout v2020.03 -b tmp

Stable:

./RootStock-NG.sh -c rcn-ee_console_ubuntu_bionic_armhf

Flasher

eMMC: All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power. On boot-up the board should indicate it has started the flashing procedure visually via a Cylon Sweep pattern shown on the 4 LED's next to the Ethernet jack. Progress is reported on both the serial debug and HDMI connectors, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON. Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.

Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)

https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh

This script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.

Notes:

If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Image Updated:

2020-03-12
- All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC: v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
2019-04-10
- All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
2018-12-10
- All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/flasher/bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

sha256sum bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
2bc7f92df84dbd89c1cdd790ec794926a5d6b0f0b891143085d77141170518e2  bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Windows/Mac/Linux gui

http://etcher.io

Linux: (dd)

xzcat bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX

eMMC: BeagleBoard-X15 and BeagleBone AI

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power. On boot-up the board should indicate it has started the flashing procedure visually via a Cylon Sweep pattern shown on the 4 LED's next to the Ethernet jack. Progress is reported on both the serial debug and HDMI connectors, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON. Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.

Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)

https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh

This script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.

Notes:

If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Image Updated:

2020-03-12
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
2019-04-10
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
2018-12-10
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/flasher/am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

sha256sum am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
0c359f2b5e9d27d167f55877d3abfea0af2fe721463136f354dfd5d72be8a541  am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Windows/Mac/Linux gui

http://etcher.io

Linux: (dd)

xzcat am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX

raw microSD img

BeagleBoard xM

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

2020-03-12
- BeagleBoard xM: v5.4.24-armv7-x20 kernel
2019-04-10
- BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.31-armv7-x31 kernel
2018-12-10
- BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.8-armv7-x11 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/microsd/bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

sha256sum bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
a3d8780a69ceca6c5462c80c5a061dbba7df91d9111e08e718ecf55420302b91  bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Windows/Mac/Linux gui

http://etcher.io

Linux: (dd)

xzcat bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX

All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

2020-03-12
- All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
2019-04-10
- All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
2018-12-10
- All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/microsd/bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

sha256sum bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
4c41976f1f574a4786002482167fe6443d8c9f1bced86a174459ffeba1f5b780  bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Windows/Mac/Linux gui

http://etcher.io

Linux: (dd)

xzcat bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX

BeagleBoard-X15 and BeagleBone AI

This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io

User: ubuntu pass: temppwd

Auto partition resize:

cd /opt/scripts/tools
git pull
./grow_partition.sh
sudo reboot

Image Updated:

2020-03-12
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
2019-04-10
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
2018-12-10
- BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel

Get prebuilt image:

wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/microsd/am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Verify Image with:

sha256sum am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
cd253167b43186c14c02e9e85ede006cd51336d5f8beae5b96765f494c24bd91  am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz

Windows/Mac/Linux gui

http://etcher.io

Linux: (dd)

xzcat am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX

Method 2: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)

Note, this section used to have a lot of details, but maintenance of the two wiki's became a pain, so for now on we will just link to my other pages:

Beagle/Beagle xM

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBoard

BeagleBone

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone

BeagleBone Black

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone+Black

Panda/Panda ES

http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/PandaBoard

Advanced

Install Latest Kernel Image

General apt syntax for searching and installing a specific kernel:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-cache search linux-image | grep <branch>
sudo apt-get install linux-image-<specific version>
sudo reboot

Latest kernel script

cd /opt/scripts/tools/
git pull
sudo ./update_kernel.sh <OPTIONS>

3.8.x

This is the first beagleboard.org long term kernel tree with capemanager support, it's been the default install for Debian Wheezy

beagleboard.org patchset: https://github.com/beagleboard/linux/tree/3.8

3.8.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black FULL Cape Support
--bone-channel --stable

3.8.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black FULL Cape Support + Xenomai
--bone-xenomai-channel --stable

4.9.x-ti

beagleboard.org patchset: https://github.com/beagleboard/linux/tree/4.9
Based on: http://git.ti.com/gitweb/?p=ti-linux-kernel/ti-linux-kernel.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/ti-linux-4.9.y

4.9.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15
--ti-channel --lts-4_9

4.9.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15 + RT
--ti-rt-channel --lts-4_9

4.9.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15 + Xenomai
--ti-xenomai-channel --lts-4_9

4.14.x-ti

beagleboard.org patchset: https://github.com/beagleboard/linux/tree/4.14
Based on: http://git.ti.com/gitweb/?p=ti-linux-kernel/ti-linux-kernel.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/ti-linux-4.14.y

4.14.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15
--ti-channel --lts-4_14

4.14.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15 + RT
--ti-rt-channel --lts-4_14

Mainline (4.9.x lts)

4.9.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black
--bone-kernel --lts-4_9

4.9.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black + RT
--bone-rt-kernel --lts-4_9

Mainline (4.14.x lts)

4.14.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black
--bone-kernel --lts-4_14

4.14.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black + RT
--bone-rt-kernel --lts-4_14

Reboot with your new Kernel Image.

Xorg Drivers

Script:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/
git pull

BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-omapdrm.sh

BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-tilcdc.sh

SGX Drivers

SGX BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black

Note, these are FBDEV only, no xorg/x11/etc...

Install the "4.1.x" lts/bone kernel: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Mainline_.28lts.29

Build SGX userspace for 4.1.x (must be done on an x86, due to the TI 5.01.01.02 blob extractor)

git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/bb-kernel.git
cd bb-kernel/
git checkout origin/am33x-v4.1 -b tmp-sgx
./sgx_create_package.sh

Copy ./deploy/GFX_5.01.01.02.tar.gz to BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black and install

sudo tar xfv GFX_5.01.01.02.tar.gz -C /
cd /opt/gfxinstall/
sudo ./sgx-install.sh
sudo reboot

Verify omaplfb & pvrsrvkm loaded

debian@arm:~$ lsmod | grep omaplfb
omaplfb                12065  0 
pvrsrvkm              178782  1 omaplfb

Xorg Drivers

Script:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/
git pull

BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-omapdrm.sh

BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:

cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
./ti-tilcdc.sh

Swapfile

Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition

On the Beagleboard you should expect to require a swap file given the limitation of how little RAM is available (between 256 MB and 512 MB). Some system programs like apt-get will only run properly when some swap space is present (due to 256 MB not being enough RAM).

Some images (such as those from Linaro.org) do not come with a swap partition or any swap space allocated.

Under Linux, swap space can be either a dedicated partition or a swap file. Both can be mounted as swap which the OS can access.

Creating a Swapfile

The following commands will create a 1 GB file, limit access only to root, format it as swap and then make it available to the OS:

sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/   
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/swapfile 
sudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/swapfile 
sudo swapon /var/cache/swap/swapfile

To tell the OS to load this swapfile on each start up, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following additional line:

/var/cache/swap/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0   0

To verify that the swapfile is accessilble as swap to the OS, run "top" or "htop" at a console.

Ubuntu Software

Wi-Fi Networking (command line)

/etc/network/interfaces

It is relatively easy to configure a Wi-Fi card from the command line.

You will need to edit the /etc/network/interfaces file. There are several guides available via Google.

This is a particularly useful guide https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202834

A sample /etc/network/interfaces file for a WPA2 encrypted access point is:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-driver wext
wpa-ssid <NAME OF AP>
wpa-ap-scan 1
wpa-proto RSN
wpa-pairwise CCMP
wpa-group CCMP
wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
wpa-psk <INSERT KEY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>

Your Wi-Fi card will automatically load these settings upon startup and initialize wireless network access.

Lightweight window managers

If you intend to use Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard you can install JWM or IceWM to improve performance.

JWM in particular uses little RAM. On a BeagleBoard with 256 MB, using JWM will leave about 60 MB free in which to run applications.

Web Apps

Midori

Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a lightweight browser is more responsive. Midori is a lightweight browser that still supports flash, etc. It is available from the standard repositories: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29

Surveillance

Motion

If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam, etc.) which appears as /dev/video0, etc. then you can use the Linux surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.

Motion is also available from the standard repositories: http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27 Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with a 15 fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.

To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot, do the following:

Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login
Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous X Windows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
motion.conf - edit /etc/motion/motion.conf to use the settings you want (that is, video output directory, record only video, record in MPEG-4, set frame rate, etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it contains the following lines:

#! /bin/sh
/usr/bin/motion -c /etc/motion/motion.conf

This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.

Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed), the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet connection this can be achieved using the ntpdate application.

Robotics

ROS

ROS (Robot Operating System) provides libraries and tools to help software developers create robot applications. It provides hardware abstraction, device drivers, libraries, visualizers, message-passing, package management, and more. ROS is licensed under an open source, BSD license.

There are currently builds of ROS for Ubuntu Bionic armhf. These builds include most but not all packages, and save a considerable amount of time compared to doing a full source-based installation:

http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Ubuntu

Alternatively ROS can be installed from source and is generally easy to do so (although slow).

For more information about ROS, see www.ros.org.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 [[Category:Development Boards]]
 [[Category: BeagleBoard]]
-This page is about running a (ARM EABI) [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] distribution at [[BeagleBoard]]. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from [[BeagleBoard#MMC.2FSD_boot|SD card]].
+''(For BeagleBoardAngstrom, click [[BeagleBoardAngstrom|here]].)''
+''(Should [[Beagleboard:Ubuntu On BeagleBone Black]] be merged into this page?)''
-Note: for the best experience, make sure you have an LCD attached to the HDMI port, 2GB/4GB/8GB SD card, and a known good usb2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.
+This page is about running a Linux distribution (ARM [https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort EABI]) [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu] on the [[BeagleBoard]]. BeagleBoard will boot the (ARM EABI) Ubuntu distribution from the [[BeagleBoard#MMC.2FSD_boot|SD card]]. Since much of this page is generic, it has also been extended to help support devices such as the [[PandaBoard]] and [[BeagleBone]].
-= Known issues =
+* For the best experience, make sure you have an LCD/HDMI monitor attached to the BeagleBoard's HDMI port, 2&nbsp;GB/4&nbsp;GB/8&nbsp;GB SD card, and a known good USB&nbsp;2.0 hub with mouse and keyboard.
-Before you start, the following issues are known:
-* 2.6.29-oer* USB still flaky on the RevC ehci port.. --[[User:RobertCNelson|RobertCNelson]] 18:17, 6 May 2009 (UTC)
 = Help =
@@ Line 18: / Line 15: @@
 *Kernel related help:
-** ''#beagle'': Beagle irc on freenode, accessible also by [http://beagleboard.org/discuss web interface] ([http://www.beagleboard.org/irclogs/index.php logs])
+** [https://groups.google.com/group/beagleboard Email Beagleboard user group] *Recommended method
-** [http://beagleboard.org/discuss Email beagleboard user groups]
+** ''#beagle'': Beagle IRC on Freenode, accessible also by [http://beagleboard.org/discuss web interface] ([http://www.beagleboard.org/irclogs/index.php logs])
-** [https://launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel Launchpad Project "Beagleboard Kernel"]
+** Kernel Trees
-*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable Launchpad Stable Kernel 2.6.31 src]
+*** [https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform/ v4.17.x kernel branch]
-*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-dev Launchpad Development Kernel 2.6.32 src]
+*** [https://github.com/RobertCNelson/linux-dev Development Kernel source code]
-*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-mainline Launchpad Kernel git src]
-*** [https://code.launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/omap-lucid Launchpad Kernel for Ubuntu Lucid (10.04)]
-** [http://rcn-ee.net/deb/ trac/svn interface for the kernel builds]
 *Ubuntu related help:
-** ''#ubuntu-arm'': Ubuntu's arm irc on freenode ([http://irclogs.ubuntu.com/ logs] -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
+** ''#ubuntu-arm'': Ubuntu's ARM IRC on Freenode ([http://irclogs.ubuntu.com/ logs] -> year -> month -> day -> #ubuntu-arm.html)
-*When asking for help, please provide some debugging information:
+*When requesting help, please provide some debugging information:
 ** U-Boot Version installed on board
 ** Kernel Version: uname -a
@@ Line 36: / Line 30: @@
 *** Copy from serial port or use "dmesg | pastebinit" (sudo apt-get install pastebinit)
-= Recommended Beagle Software =
+= Required Beagle Software =
-* Recent x-loader/MLO
-** RevC2/3 Boards are fine and do not need an upgrade
-** Old RevB Boards should upgrade there MLO from here: http://www.angstrom-distribution.org/beagleboard-demo-image-available
-* Recent U-Boot with 'boot.scr' scripts enabled
+Mainline U-Boot:
-** u-boot.bin from here: http://www.angstrom-distribution.org/beagleboard-demo-image-available
+* All older BeagleBoard (classic) Ax, Bx, Cx and Dx boards are required to upgrade to at least these U-Boot versions
-** Or this one I've archived: [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_U-Boot U-Boot 2009.08+r37 Upgrade]
+* XM Boards have no NAND, so MLO/u-boot.img is always required on the first partition
-*** Version 2009.01 (factory installed on C2/3's) and earlier will not work with this guide
+* Directions: [http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Upgrade_X-loader_and_U-boot Upgrade X-loader and U-Boot]
-= Ubuntu Rootfs Install =
+= Omap Serial Changes =
-This section describes how you create a Ubuntu root file system for your BeagleBoard.
-Note:
+boot.scr/boot.cmd changes:
-* Jaunty, aka Ubuntu 9.04, is the recent old-stable version (armv5 optimized)
-* Karmic, aka Ubuntu 9.10, is the recent stable version  (armv6 optimized)
-* Lucid, aka Ubuntu 10.04 is the upcoming Ubuntu version, not released yet (in Nov 2009). Therefore it is listed here as 'testing'. (armv7 optimized)
-==Development PC: Root File System==
+With 2.6.35:
+ console=ttyS2,115200n8
-===Build Image===
+With 2.6.36/37+:
-[https://launchpad.net/project-rootstock rootstock] is Ubuntu's new name for Oliver's <ogra> depreciated [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM/RootfsFromScratch build-arm-rootfs] script.
+ console=ttyO2,115200n8
-Note: Use latest debootstrap, if the one posted here is no longer available.
+Serial console login: /etc/init/ttyO2.conf
+ start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
+ stop on runlevel [!2345]
+ respawn
+ exec /sbin/getty 115200 ttyO2
-Requirements:
+= Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image =
-Jaunty (9.04) and Debian:
+== Demo Image ==
- sudo apt-get install qemu
- wget http://ports.ubuntu.com/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.20~jaunty1_all.deb
- sudo dpkg -i debootstrap_1.0.20~jaunty1_all.deb
- wget http://launchpad.net/project-rootstock/trunk/0.1/+download/rootstock-0.1.3.tar.gz
- tar xf rootstock-0.1.3.tar.gz
- cd rootstock-0.1.3
-Karmic (9.10)
+* '''Advanced Users only''': BeagleBoard xM: Kernel source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform
-  sudo apt-get install rootstock
+ git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/armv7-multiplatform.git
+ cd armv7-multiplatform
+ git checkout origin/v5.4.x -b tmp
+ ./build_kernel.sh
+* '''Advanced Users only''': BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/PocketBeagle:  Kernel v4.19.x source, used in these demo images: https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev/tree/ti-linux-4.19.y
+  git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/ti-linux-kernel-dev.git
+ cd ti-linux-kernel-dev
+ git checkout origin/ti-linux-4.19.y -b tmp
+ ./build_kernel.sh
-Note: For USB WIFI adapters, add package "linux-firmware, wireless-tools" to the --seed
+=== Ubuntu (18.04.4) ===
-WiFi Hints: http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntuNetwork
-Rootstock Command line:
+Default username/password:
- sudo ./rootstock --fqdn <hostname> --login <rootuser> --password <rootuserpasswd> --imagesize <qemu image size> --seed <packages> --dist <jaunty/karmic>
+*username: ubuntu
-  --serial <ttySx>  --kernel-image <http>
+*password: temppwd
-Basic Jaunty (9.04) Beagleboard xfce4 image:
+Image Updated:
- sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G --seed xfce4,gdm --dist jaunty \
+*2020-03-12
-  --serial ttyS2 --kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/jaunty/v2.6.29-58cf2f1-oer44.1/linux-image-2.6.29-oer44.1_1.0jaunty_armel.deb
+** BeagleBoard xM: v5.4.24-armv7-x20 kernel
+** All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
+*2019-04-10
+** BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.31-armv7-x31 kernel
+** All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
+** BeagleBoard-X15: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
+*2018-12-10
+** BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.8-armv7-x11 kernel
+** All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
+** BeagleBoard-X15: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
-Basic Karmic (9.10) Beagleboard xfce4 image:
+Services Active:
-  sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G --seed xfce4,gdm --dist karmic \
+ Note: Depending on your internal network these may work out of the box
-  --serial ttyS2 --kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/karmic/v2.6.31.6-x6.0/linux-image-2.6.31.6-x6.0_1.0karmic_armel.deb
+  Apache, Port 80: http://arm.local/ (Bone: via usb) (Windows/Linux) http://192.168.7.2, (Mac/Linux) http://192.168.6.2
+ SSH, Port 22: ssh ubuntu@arm.local (Bone: via usb) (Windows/Linux) ubuntu@192.168.7.2, (Mac/Linux) ubuntu@192.168.6.2
+ Getty, Serial Port
-Upon Completion, you should have:
+Default user: ubuntu pass: temppwd
- armel-rootfs-<date>.tgz  -> Root file System, dump to ext2/3 partition of SD card
- vmlinuz-2.6.<version>    -> Boot Image, use mkimage to create uImage and dump to the first fat16 partition of SD card
-Lucid (10.04) Testing:
+Get prebuilt image:
+ wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/elinux/ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz
-Major Changes:
+Verify Image with:
+ sha256sum ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz
+ abe086f9132dfe8e8b9df8d14da225e0ce89a082abc92515de8a2ac63fc54ae2  ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz
-  gcc-4.4: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/lucid/+source/gcc-4.4
+Unpack Image:
-  gcc -v: --with-arch=armv7-a --with-tune=cortex-a8 --with-float=softfp --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16
+  tar xf ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12.tar.xz
+ cd ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12
-===Demo Image===
+If you don't know the location of your SD card:
-====Jaunty 9.04====
+ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc
-Built with:
+You should see something like:
-  sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G --seed nano,linux-firmware,wireless-tools,usbutils \
+  Are you sure? I don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...
-  --dist jaunty --serial ttyS2 --kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/jaunty/v2.6.29-58cf2f1-oer44.1/linux-image-2.6.29-oer44.1_1.0jaunty_armel.deb
+  fdisk -l:
+ Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes '''<- x86 Root Drive'''
+ Disk /dev/sdd: 3957 MB, 3957325824 bytes '''<- MMC/SD card'''
+ lsblk:
+ NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
+ sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
+ ├─sda1   8:1    0 446.9G  0 part /  '''<- x86 Root Partition'''
+ ├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part
+ └─sda5   8:5    0  18.9G  0 part [SWAP]
+ sdd      8:48   1   3.7G  0 disk
+ ├─sdd1   8:49   1    64M  0 part
+ └─sdd2   8:50   1   3.6G  0 part
- wget -c http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/ubuntu-9.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z   (Mirror's welcome)
+* In this example, we can see via mount, '''/dev/sda1''' is the x86 rootfs, therefore '''/dev/sdd''' is the other drive in the system, which is the MMC/SD card that was inserted and should be used by ./setup_sdcard.sh...
-za x ubuntu-9.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
- tar xf ubuntu-9.04-minimal-armel.tar
-md5sum: d6e198da60079ffc12617d8579966aed  ubuntu-9.04-minimal-armel.tar.7z
+Install Image:
-====Karmic 9.10====
+Quick install script for [board]
+ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb board
-Built with:
+board options:
+*BeagleBoard Ax/Bx/Cx/Dx          - omap3-beagle
+*BeagleBoard xM                   - omap3-beagle-xm
+*All BeagleBone Variants          - beaglebone
+*OMAP5432 uEVM                    - omap5-uevm
+*BeagleBoard-X15 (BeagleBone AI)  - am57xx-beagle-x15
-  sudo ./rootstock --fqdn beagleboard --login ubuntu --password temppwd --imagesize 2G --seed wget,nano,linux-firmware,wireless-tools,usbutils \
+So for the BeagleBoard xM:
- --dist karmic --serial ttyS2 --kernel-image http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/karmic/v2.6.31.6-x6.0/linux-image-2.6.31.6-x6.0_1.0karmic_armel.deb
+  sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --dtb omap3-beagle-xm
- wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/ubuntu-9.10-minimal-armel-1.1.tar.7z   (Mirror's welcome)
+Advanced: Build Image:
-za x ubuntu-9.10-minimal-armel-1.1.tar.7z
- tar xf ubuntu-9.10-minimal-armel-1.1.tar
-md5sum: 574a61b92481b1c86246e018ceb76fd6  ubuntu-9.10-minimal-armel-1.1.tar.7z
+ git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/omap-image-builder.git
+ cd omap-image-builder
+ git checkout v2020.03 -b tmp
-History
+Stable:
-.1 - Switched to 2.6.31.6 based kernel
-==Development PC: Format SD Card==
+ ./RootStock-NG.sh -c rcn-ee_console_ubuntu_bionic_armhf
-You will need a 1GB SD card or greater.
+== Flasher ==
- Standard Console System : ~286MB
- + Desktop environment (lxde,gdm) : ~479MB
-Starting with an empty SD card and using gparted, create:
+=== eMMC: All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC ===
-MiB Primary Partition, fat16/fat32
- Rest as ext2/ext3
-Gparted Example: http://nishanthmenon.blogspot.com/2008/08/how-to-boot-beagle.html
+This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io  First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power. On boot-up the board should indicate it has started the flashing procedure visually via a Cylon Sweep pattern shown on the 4 LED's next to the Ethernet jack. Progress is reported on both the serial debug and HDMI connectors, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON.  Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.
-For Reference:
+Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)
-  Disk /dev/sdd: 2038 MB, 2038431744 bytes
+  https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh
-heads, 63 sectors/track, 247 cylinders
-  Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
+This script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.
-  Disk identifier: 0x0008e471
+Notes:
-    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
+* If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
-  /dev/sdd1               1           6       48163+   6  FAT16
+* If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.
-  /dev/sdd2               7         247     1935832+  83  Linux
+User: ubuntu
+pass: temppwd
+Image Updated:
+*2020-03-12
+** All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC: v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
+*2019-04-10
+** All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
+*2018-12-10
+** All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
+Get prebuilt image:
+ wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/flasher/bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
+Verify Image with:
+ sha256sum bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
+bc7f92df84dbd89c1cdd790ec794926a5d6b0f0b891143085d77141170518e2  bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
+Windows/Mac/Linux gui
+ http://etcher.io
+Linux: (dd)
+  xzcat bone-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX
+=== eMMC: BeagleBoard-X15 and BeagleBone AI ===
+This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io  First press and hold the boot select button (next to the microSD card), then apply power. On boot-up the board should indicate it has started the flashing procedure visually via a Cylon Sweep pattern shown on the 4 LED's next to the Ethernet jack. Progress is reported on both the serial debug and HDMI connectors, once completed all 4 LED's should be full ON.  Simply remove power, remove the microSD card and Ubuntu will now boot directly from eMMC.
+Script for reference: (this is the script that writes to the eMMC)
+  https://github.com/RobertCNelson/boot-scripts/blob/master/tools/eMMC/init-eMMC-flasher-v3.sh
+This script will only take about 5-6 Minutes after power on.
+Notes:
+* If only two LED's stay lit and nothing happens, the board has crashed due to lack of power. Retry with a 5Volt DC power supply connected.
+* If the 4 LED's blink a constant pattern, the eMMC write has failed. First REMOVE ALL capes, then retry again.
+User: ubuntu
+pass: temppwd
+Image Updated:
+*2020-03-12
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
+*2019-04-10
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
+*2018-12-10
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
+Get prebuilt image:
+  wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/flasher/am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
+Verify Image with:
+  sha256sum am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
+c359f2b5e9d27d167f55877d3abfea0af2fe721463136f354dfd5d72be8a541  am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
+Windows/Mac/Linux gui
+  http://etcher.io
+Linux: (dd)
+  xzcat am57xx-eMMC-flasher-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX
+== raw microSD img ==
+=== BeagleBoard xM ===
+This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io
+User: ubuntu
+pass: temppwd
+Auto partition resize:
+  cd /opt/scripts/tools
+  git pull
+  ./grow_partition.sh
+ sudo reboot
-==Development PC: Setup SD Partition's==
+Image Updated:
+*2020-03-12
+** BeagleBoard xM: v5.4.24-armv7-x20 kernel
+*2019-04-10
+** BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.31-armv7-x31 kernel
+*2018-12-10
+** BeagleBoard xM: v4.19.8-armv7-x11 kernel
-Requirements:
+Get prebuilt image:
+ wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/microsd/bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
-  sudo apt-get install uboot-mkimage
+Verify Image with:
+  sha256sum bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
+ a3d8780a69ceca6c5462c80c5a061dbba7df91d9111e08e718ecf55420302b91  bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
-Create U-boot compatible uImage (execute command from within the directory holding your downloaded images):
+Windows/Mac/Linux gui
+ http://etcher.io
-  mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x80008000 -e 0x80008000 -n "Linux" -d ./vmlinuz-* ./uImage
+Linux: (dd)
+  xzcat bbxm-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX
-Create U-boot boot script:
+=== All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle===
-ubuntu.cmd:
+This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io
- setenv bootcmd 'mmc init; fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 uImage; bootm 0x80300000'
- setenv bootargs 'console=ttyS2,115200n8 console=tty0 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootwait rootfstype=ext3 ro vram=12M omapfb.mode=dvi:1280x720MR-16@60'
- boot
-''Note: If you created an ext2 root filesystem then change "ext3" above to "ext2"''
+User: ubuntu
+pass: temppwd
-Create U-boot *.scr file:
+Auto partition resize:
+ cd /opt/scripts/tools
+ git pull
+ ./grow_partition.sh
+ sudo reboot
- mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0 -e 0 -n "Ubuntu 9.10" -d ./ubuntu.cmd ./ubuntu.scr
+Image Updated:
+*2020-03-12
+** All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
+*2019-04-10
+** All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
+*2018-12-10
+** All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle: v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
-Mount your SD card fat32 partition (assuming /dev/sdX1) and copy the uImage to the first partition.
+Get prebuilt image:
+ wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/microsd/bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
-Note: if your system automounts the mmc card, just issue "sudo umount /dev/sdX1 && sudo umount /dev/sdX2"
+Verify Image with:
+ sha256sum bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
+c41976f1f574a4786002482167fe6443d8c9f1bced86a174459ffeba1f5b780  bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
- mkdir ./tmp
+Windows/Mac/Linux gui
- sudo mount /dev/sdX1 ./tmp
+  http://etcher.io
- sudo cp ./uImage ./tmp/uImage
-  sudo cp ./ubuntu.scr ./tmp/boot.scr
- sudo umount ./tmp
-Mount your SD card's ext3 partition (assuming /dev/sdX2) and 'untar' the rootfs into it.
+Linux: (dd)
+ xzcat bone-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX
- sudo mount /dev/sdX2 ./tmp
+=== BeagleBoard-X15 and BeagleBone AI===
- sudo tar xfp armel-rootfs-[date].tgz -C ./tmp
- sudo umount ./tmp
-=== Karmic: (9.10) boot fixup ===
+This image can be written to a 2GB (or larger) microSD card, via 'dd' on Linux or on Windows/Mac/Linux: https://etcher.io
-util-linux-ng 2.16 causes this
-Edit /etc/fstab
+User: ubuntu
- sudo mount /dev/sdX2 ./tmp
+pass: temppwd
- sudo gedit ./tmp/etc/fstab
- add:
- /dev/mmcblk0p2   /   ext3   errors=remount-ro   0   1
-''Note change the above "ext3" to "ext2" if the root filesystem is ext2''
+Auto partition resize:
+ cd /opt/scripts/tools
+ git pull
+ ./grow_partition.sh
+ sudo reboot
-Add/Edit /etc/e2fsck.conf
+Image Updated:
- sudo gedit ./tmp/etc/e2fsck.conf
+*2020-03-12
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.19.94-ti-r36 kernel
+*2019-04-10
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.108-ti-r104 kernel
+*2018-12-10
+** BeagleBoard-X15 (and BeagleBone AI): v4.14.79-ti-r84 kernel
- [problems]
+Get prebuilt image:
+  wget https://rcn-ee.com/rootfs/2020-03-12/microsd/am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
- # Superblock last mount time is in the future (PR_0_FUTURE_SB_LAST_MOUNT).
-x000031 = {
-     preen_ok = true
-     preen_nomessage = true
- }
- # Superblock last write time is in the future (PR_0_FUTURE_SB_LAST_WRITE).
-x000032 = {
-     preen_ok = true
-     preen_nomessage = true
- }
-Add karmic updates to /etc/apt/sources.list
+Verify Image with:
+ sha256sum am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb*
+ cd253167b43186c14c02e9e85ede006cd51336d5f8beae5b96765f494c24bd91  am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz
- sudo gedit ./tmp/etc/apt/sources.list
+Windows/Mac/Linux gui
+ http://etcher.io
-  deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports karmic-updates main universe
+Linux: (dd)
+  xzcat am57xx-ubuntu-18.04.4-console-armhf-2020-03-12-2gb.img.xz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX
-Finally
+= Method 2: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)=
- cd ./tmp
- sync
- cd ..
- sudo umount ./tmp
-==Development PC or Beagleboard: System Setup on the (ext2/ext3) Partition==
+Note, this section used to have a lot of details, but maintenance of the two wiki's became a pain, so for now on we will just link to my other pages:
-===Enable Network Access===
+== Beagle/Beagle xM ==
+ http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBoard
-Modify /etc/network/interfaces
+== BeagleBone ==
- auto eth0
+ http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone
- iface eth0 inet dhcp
-Manual: From the Command line
+== BeagleBone Black ==
-  sudo ifconfig eth0 up
+  http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/BeagleBone+Black
- sudo dhclient eth0
-Additional Network Setup Information can be found [[BeagleBoardUbuntuNetwork|HERE]]
+== Panda/Panda ES ==
+ http://eewiki.net/display/linuxonarm/PandaBoard
 = Advanced =
-==Install Kernel Image==
+==Install Latest Kernel Image==
-===Script File===
+General apt syntax for searching and installing a specific kernel:
-Every Kernel upload going further on rcn-ee.net will now have an 'install-me.sh' file in the same directory..
+ sudo apt-get update
+ sudo apt-cache search linux-image | grep <branch>
+ sudo apt-get install linux-image-<specific version>
+ sudo reboot
-  example: http://www.rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/karmic/v2.6.31.6-x6.0/
+Latest kernel script
+ cd /opt/scripts/tools/
-  wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/kernel/beagle/karmic/v2.6.31.6-x6.0/install-me.sh
+ git pull
-  sudo /bin/bash install-me.sh
+ sudo ./update_kernel.sh <OPTIONS>
+== 3.8.x ==
+This is the first beagleboard.org long term kernel tree with capemanager support, it's been the default install for Debian Wheezy
+ beagleboard.org patchset: https://github.com/beagleboard/linux/tree/3.8
+.8.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black FULL Cape Support
+ --bone-channel --stable
+.8.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black FULL Cape Support + Xenomai
+ --bone-xenomai-channel --stable
+== 4.9.x-ti ==
+ beagleboard.org patchset: https://github.com/beagleboard/linux/tree/4.9
+  Based on: http://git.ti.com/gitweb/?p=ti-linux-kernel/ti-linux-kernel.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/ti-linux-4.9.y
+.9.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15
+ --ti-channel --lts-4_9
+.9.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15 + RT
+  --ti-rt-channel --lts-4_9
+.9.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15 + Xenomai
+ --ti-xenomai-channel --lts-4_9
+== 4.14.x-ti ==
+  beagleboard.org patchset: https://github.com/beagleboard/linux/tree/4.14
+ Based on: http://git.ti.com/gitweb/?p=ti-linux-kernel/ti-linux-kernel.git;a=shortlog;h=refs/heads/ti-linux-4.14.y
+.14.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15
+ --ti-channel --lts-4_14
+.14.x-ti BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black/BeagleBoard-X15 + RT
+ --ti-rt-channel --lts-4_14
+== Mainline (4.9.x lts) ==
+.9.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black
+ --bone-kernel --lts-4_9
+.9.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black + RT
+ --bone-rt-kernel --lts-4_9
+== Mainline (4.14.x lts) ==
-Note: vmlinuz symbolic link (yes <or> no)...
+.14.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black
+ --bone-kernel --lts-4_14
-Reboot with your new uImage
+.14.x BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black + RT
+ --bone-rt-kernel --lts-4_14
-== Upgrade U-Boot ==
+Reboot with your new Kernel Image.
-Using gparted, create a new 50MB Primary fat32 Partition on a blank SD card, or use your existing fat32 partition.
+== Xorg Drivers ==
-  cd /media/XXXX-XXXX
+Script:
- sudo wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/tools/u-boot-beagleboard-2009.08+r37+gitr1590f84007e2b50ad346a482fff89195cb04ff4e-r37.bin
+  cd /opt/scripts/tools/
-  sudo mv u-boot-beagleboard-2009.08+r37+gitr1590f84007e2b50ad346a482fff89195cb04ff4e-r37.bin u-boot.bin
+  git pull
-Tested --[[User:RobertCNelson|RobertCNelson]] 22:18, 2 December 2009 (UTC) RevB5 & RevC2
+BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:
+ cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
+ ./ti-omapdrm.sh
-Insert SD Card, boot Beagleboard and stop U-Boot from booting
+BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:
-  mmc init (or if an old u-boot) mmcinit
+  cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
-  fatload mmc 0:1 0x80300000 u-boot.bin
+  ./ti-tilcdc.sh
- nand unlock  (old command, removed in later u-boot's)
- nandecc sw
- nand erase 80000 160000
- nand write 0x80300000 80000 160000
- nand erase 260000 20000   (Clear old U-boot environment, this enables 'boot.scr' scripts)
- reset
-Tested --[[User:Dingo_aus|Dingo_aus]] 5 December 2009 - C3 factory 2009.1 uses "mmc init" not "mmcinit" and no need for "nand unlock"
+== SGX Drivers ==
-== SGX Video Acceleration ==
+=== SGX BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black ===
-=== Kernel Modules ===
+Note, these are FBDEV only, no xorg/x11/etc...
-The 'install-me.sh' script will download and install these, however make sure to issue this command to update the omaplfb modules.
+Install the "4.1.x" lts/bone kernel:
+http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu#Mainline_.28lts.29
-  sudo depmod -a omaplfb
+Build SGX userspace for 4.1.x (must be done on an x86, due to the TI 5.01.01.02 blob extractor)
+  git clone https://github.com/RobertCNelson/bb-kernel.git
+ cd bb-kernel/
+ git checkout origin/am33x-v4.1 -b tmp-sgx
+ ./sgx_create_package.sh
-=== SDK ===
+Copy ./deploy/GFX_5.01.01.02.tar.gz to BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black and install
+ sudo tar xfv GFX_5.01.01.02.tar.gz -C /
+ cd /opt/gfxinstall/
+ sudo ./sgx-install.sh
+ sudo reboot
-Make sure to use a "corporate email" : http://software-dl.ti.com/dsps/forms/export.html?prod_no=/OMAP35x_Graphics_SDK_setuplinux_3_00_00_09.bin
+Verify omaplfb & pvrsrvkm loaded
+ debian@arm:~$ lsmod | grep omaplfb
+ omaplfb                12065  0
+ pvrsrvkm              178782  1 omaplfb
-Note: the SDK will not extract directly on any arm platform, extract it first on an x86 machine and tar the resulting folder before transferring to the beagleboard.
+== Xorg Drivers ==
-System Libraries:
+Script:
-  sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.0
+  cd /opt/scripts/tools/
-  sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/libXau.so.6.0.0 /usr/lib/libXau.so.0
+  git pull
-SDK install lib/bin from 3.00.00.09:
+BeagleBoard/PandaBoard:
-  sudo mkdir /usr/lib/ES2.0
+  cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
- sudo mkdir /usr/bin/ES2.0
+  ./ti-omapdrm.sh
- sudo mkdir /usr/lib/ES3.0
- sudo mkdir /usr/bin/ES3.0
-  sudo cp SDK_EXT_DIR/gfx_rel_es2.x/lib* /usr/lib/ES2.0
- sudo cp SDK_EXT_DIR/gfx_rel_es2.x/p[dv]* /usr/bin/ES2.0
- sudo cp SDK_EXT_DIR/gfx_rel/lib* /usr/lib/ES3.0
- sudo cp SDK_EXT_DIR/gfx_rel/p[dv]* /usr/bin/ES3.0
-=== Startup Script ===
+BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black:
+ cd /opt/scripts/tools/graphics/
+ ./ti-tilcdc.sh
-For 3.00.00.09
+= Swapfile =
-Jaunty:
+== Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition ==
- sudo nano /etc/rcS.d/S60pvr.sh
- sudo chmod +x /etc/rcS.d/S60pvr.sh
-Karmic:
+On the Beagleboard you should expect to require a swap file given the limitation of how little RAM is available (between 256&nbsp;MB and 512&nbsp;MB). Some system programs like apt-get will only run properly when some swap space is present (due to 256&nbsp;MB not being enough RAM).
- sudo nano /etc/init.d/pvr
- sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/pvr
- sudo update-rc.d pvr defaults
- #!/bin/sh
+Some images (such as those from Linaro.org) do not come with a swap partition or any swap space allocated.
- if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
- 	echo PVR-INIT: Please use start, stop, or restart.
- 	exit 1
- fi
- if [ "$1" = "stop" -o  "$1" = "restart" ]; then
- 	echo Stopping PVR
- 	rmmod omaplfb 2>/dev/null
- 	rmmod pvrsrvkm 2>/dev/null
- fi
- if [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
- 	exit 0
- fi
- echo Starting PVR
- modprobe omaplfb
- pvr_maj=`grep "pvrsrvkm$" /proc/devices | cut -b1,2,3`
- if [ -e /dev/pvrsrvkm ] ; then
- 	rm -f /dev/pvrsrvkm
- fi
- mknod /dev/pvrsrvkm c $pvr_maj 0
- chmod 666 /dev/pvrsrvkm
- touch /etc/powervr-esrev
- SAVED_ESREVISION="$(cat /etc/powervr-esrev)"
- ES_REVISION="$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "CPU revision" | awk -F: '{print $2}')"
- if [ "${ES_REVISION}" != "${SAVED_ESREVISION}" ] ; then
- 	echo -n "Starting SGX fixup for"
- 	if [ "${ES_REVISION}" = " 3" ] ; then
- 	echo " ES3.x"
- 	cp -a /usr/lib/ES3.0/* /usr/lib
- 	cp -a /usr/bin/ES3.0/* /usr/bin
- 	else
- 	echo " ES2.x"
- 	cp -a /usr/lib/ES2.0/* /usr/lib
- 	cp -a /usr/bin/ES2.0/* /usr/bin
- 	fi
- 	echo "${ES_REVISION}" > /etc/powervr-esrev
- fi
- /usr/bin/pvrsrvinit
-== DSP ==
+Under Linux, swap space can be either a dedicated partition or a swap file. Both can be mounted as swap which the OS can access.
-work in progress
-== Xorg omapfb Drivers ==
+=== Creating a Swapfile ===
-By default Ubuntu will try to use the FBDEV video driver, however for the beagleboard we can take advantage of a more software optimized driver (still not using the sgx video hardware) using the NEON extensions of the Cortex-A8 core.
+The following commands will create a 1 GB file, limit access only to root, format it as swap and then make it available to the OS:
-cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep FBDEV
+ sudo mkdir -p /var/cache/swap/
-  (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
+  sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/cache/swap/swapfile bs=1M count=1024
-  (II) FBDEV(0): using default device
+  sudo chmod 0600 /var/cache/swap/swapfile
-  (II) FBDEV(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
+  sudo mkswap /var/cache/swap/swapfile
-  (==) FBDEV(0): Depth 16, (==) framebuffer bpp 16
+  sudo swapon /var/cache/swap/swapfile
- (==) FBDEV(0): RGB weight 565
-Login into Ubuntu and open a new terminal, xorg has to be running..
+To tell the OS to load this swapfile on each start up, edit the /etc/fstab file to include the following additional line:
-xvinfo -display :0.0
+  /var/cache/swap/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0   0
- X-Video Extension version 2.2
-  screen #0
-   no adaptors present
-=== Drivers ===
+To verify that the swapfile is accessilble as swap to the OS, run "top" or "htop" at a console.
-Note: Backport from Karmic
+= Ubuntu Software =
-Note: These are built with neon optimizations: http://git.debian.org/?p=collab-maint/xf86-video-omapfb.git;a=blob;f=debian/rules;h=c2f0d5391c96c5abb60b1e691ad86bb27e0c17d8;hb=HEAD  (line 48/49)
+== Wi-Fi Networking (command line) ==
-Jaunty:
+=== /etc/network/interfaces ===
- wget -c http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/deb-sbuild/jaunty/xorg-drivers/xserver-xorg-video-omap3_0.1.1-2_armel.deb
- sudo dpkg -i xserver-xorg-video-omap3_0.1.1-2_armel.deb
-Karmic:
+It is relatively easy to configure a Wi-Fi card from the command line.
- sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-omap3
-=== xorg.conf ===
+You will need to edit the /etc/network/interfaces file. There are several guides available via Google.
-/etc/X11/xorg.conf
- Section "Monitor"
+This is a particularly useful guide https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=202834
-     Identifier "Configured Monitor"
- EndSection
- Section "Screen"
-     Identifier "Default Screen"
-     Device "Configured Video Device"
-     #Limited by SGX?
-     DefaultDepth 16
- EndSection
- Section "Device"
-     Identifier "Configured Video Device"
-     Driver "omapfb"
-     Option "fb" "/dev/fb0"
- EndSection
-To verify it was correctly installed, reboot and:
+A sample /etc/network/interfaces file for a WPA2 encrypted access point is:
-cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep omapfb
+  auto lo
-  (II) LoadModule: "omapfb"
+  iface lo inet loopback
-  (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers//omapfb_drv.so
+  auto wlan0
-  (II) Module omapfb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
+  iface wlan0 inet dhcp
-  (II) omapfb: Driver for OMAP framebuffer (omapfb) and external LCD controllers:
+  wpa-driver wext
-  (WW) Error opening /sys/devices/platform/omapfb/ctrl/name: No such file or directory
+  wpa-ssid <NAME OF AP>
-  (II) omapfb(0): VideoRAM: 1800KiB (SDRAM)
+  wpa-ap-scan 1
-  (II) omapfb(0): Creating default Display subsection in Screen section
+  wpa-proto RSN
-  (**) omapfb(0): Depth 16, (--) framebuffer bpp 16
+  wpa-pairwise CCMP
-  (==) omapfb(0): RGB weight 565
+  wpa-group CCMP
-  (==) omapfb(0): Default visual is TrueColor
+  wpa-key-mgmt WPA-PSK
-  (--) omapfb(0): Virtual size is 1280x720 (pitch 1280)
+  wpa-psk <INSERT KEY XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>
-  (**) omapfb(0):  Built-in mode "current"
- (==) omapfb(0): DPI set to (96, 96)
- (II) omapfb(0): DPMS enabled
- (II) omapfb(0): Video plane capabilities:
- (II) omapfb(0): Video plane supports the following image formats:
- (II) omapfb(0): XVideo extension initialized
-Login into Ubuntu and open a new terminal, xorg has to be running..
+Your Wi-Fi card will automatically load these settings upon startup and initialize wireless network access.
-xvinfo -display :0.0
+== Lightweight window managers ==
- X-Video Extension version 2.2
- screen #0
-   Adaptor #0: "OMAP XV adaptor"
-     number of ports: 1
-     port base: 56
-     operations supported: PutImage
-     supported visuals:
-       depth 16, visualID 0x21
-     number of attributes: 1
-     etc..
-== S-Video ==
+If you intend to use Ubuntu on the BeagleBoard you can install JWM or IceWM to improve performance.
-Sorry I don't have an S-Video TV, and this is documented in the source, so it would be really great if someone could fill this section in... --[[User:RobertCNelson|RobertCNelson]] 21:32, 13 July 2009 (UTC)
-=== NTSC ===
+JWM in particular uses little RAM. On a BeagleBoard with 256&nbsp;MB, using JWM will leave about 60&nbsp;MB free in which to run applications.
- Please use v2.6.29-oer44.1:
+== Web Apps ==
-=== PAL ===
+=== Midori ===
+Given that the BeagleBoard has fewer resources than a desktop a lightweight browser is more responsive. Midori is a lightweight browser that still supports flash, etc. It is available from the standard repositories:
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_%28web_browser%29
- Please use v2.6.29-oer44.1:
+== Surveillance ==
-== Building Kernel ==
+=== Motion ===
+If you have a video source (webcam, IP cam, etc.) which appears as /dev/video0, etc. then you can use the Linux surveillance software "motion" to monitor the video stream and record periods of activity.
-https://launchpad.net/~beagleboard-kernel
+Motion is also available from the standard repositories:
+http://www.debian-administration.org/article/An_Introduction_to_Video_Surveillance_with_%27Motion%27
+Using a 960x720 resolution webcam with a 15&nbsp;fps rate under the UVC driver the Rev C BeagleBoard under Xubuntu reports ~60% CPU utilisation.
-Register on launchpad.net, install bzr
+To make the BeagleBoard automatically start recording on boot, do the following:
- sudo apt-get install bzr
-Download SRC
+* Auto Login - run "gdmsetup" from a terminal and select a user to automatically login
- bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-stable (2.6.29)
+* Sessions - make sure you don't save any previous X Windows sessions so that it doesn't prompt you for which one you want
- bzr branch lp:~beagleboard-kernel/+junk/2.6-dev (2.6.31)
+* motion.conf - edit /etc/motion/motion.conf to use the settings you want (that is, video output directory, record only video, record in MPEG-4, set frame rate, etc). Do this with "sudo medit /etc/motion/motion.conf" at a prompt.
+* Boot script - create a new script in /etc/rc2.d called "S65motion_client" and set permissions appropriately ("sudo chmod 777 /etc/rc2.d/S65motion_client"). Then edit the file so it contains the following lines:
-Build Kernel
+ #! /bin/sh
-  . build_kernel.sh
+  /usr/bin/motion -c /etc/motion/motion.conf
-Build SGX Modules
+This will now launch the motion client as root when you boot up.
- . build_sgx_modules.sh
-Build Deb File
+Also note that unless your BeagleBoard can remember the time (battery backed up clock installed), the timestamps will not be correct until you update the time. If your BeagleBoard has an Internet connection this can be achieved using the ntpdate application.
- . build_deb.sh
-= Bugs & Workarounds =
+== Robotics ==
-==Karmic==
+=== ROS ===
+ROS (Robot Operating System) provides libraries and tools to help software developers create robot applications. It provides hardware abstraction, device drivers, libraries, visualizers, message-passing, package management, and more. ROS is licensed under an open source, BSD license.
-Root on external USB, fsck always errors's on boot, fsck.ext3 never fixes it, and no real time clock on board (Rev Bx and C2 (C3 has backup battery hookup))
+There are currently builds of ROS for Ubuntu Bionic armhf. These builds include most but not all packages, and save a considerable amount of time compared to doing a full source-based installation:
- mount -o remount,rw /
+http://wiki.ros.org/melodic/Installation/Ubuntu
-Script found here:
+Alternatively ROS can be installed from source and is generally easy to do so (although slow).
-nano /etc/e2fsck.conf
+For more information about ROS, see www.ros.org.
- [problems]
- # Superblock last mount time is in the future (PR_0_FUTURE_SB_LAST_MOUNT).
-x000031 = {
-     preen_ok = true
-     preen_nomessage = true
- }
- # Superblock last write time is in the future (PR_0_FUTURE_SB_LAST_WRITE).
-x000032 = {
-     preen_ok = true
-     preen_nomessage = true
- }

Difference between revisions of "BeagleBoardUbuntu"

Latest revision as of 08:47, 13 March 2020

Contents

Help

Required Beagle Software

Omap Serial Changes

Method 1: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image

Demo Image

Ubuntu (18.04.4)

Flasher

eMMC: All BeagleBone Variants with eMMC

eMMC: BeagleBoard-X15 and BeagleBone AI

raw microSD img

BeagleBoard xM

All BeagleBone Variants and PocketBeagle

BeagleBoard-X15 and BeagleBone AI

Method 2: Manual Install (no automatic scripts)

Beagle/Beagle xM

BeagleBone

BeagleBone Black

Panda/Panda ES

Advanced

Install Latest Kernel Image

3.8.x

4.9.x-ti

4.14.x-ti

Mainline (4.9.x lts)

Mainline (4.14.x lts)

Xorg Drivers

SGX Drivers

SGX BeagleBone/BeagleBone Black

Xorg Drivers

Swapfile

Using a File for Swap Instead of a Partition

Creating a Swapfile

Ubuntu Software

Wi-Fi Networking (command line)

/etc/network/interfaces

Lightweight window managers

Web Apps

Midori

Surveillance

Motion

Robotics

ROS

Navigation menu

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