EBC Exercise 02 Out-of-the-Box, Bone
Embedded Linux Class by Mark A. Yoder
These instructions are for the 3.8 and newer kernels. EBC Exercise 02 Out-of-the-Box, Bone 3.2 Kernel has instructions for the 3.2 kernel.
Contents
Internet Connection
One of the slickest features of the Bone is its ability to access the Internet through the USB (tether) connection. Plug a microUSB cable into your bone and plug the other end into your host computer and wait for the Bone to boot up. Once the lights settle down to a heartbeat pattern, folow the instructions below to set up your host and Bone so the bone can access the internet through your host.
Linux
ifconfig
Run:
host$ ifconfig ens1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1a:4b:58:f7:4b inet addr:137.112.41.36 Bcast:10.0.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::b6d7:76a6:e870:e98f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:113337 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:76269 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:131750476 (131.7 MB) TX bytes:9701999 (9.7 MB) Interrupt:16 enxec1127bf0841 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ec:11:27:bf:08:41 inet addr:192.168.7.1 Bcast:192.168.7.3 Mask:255.255.255.252 inet6 addr: fe80::a875:1dfb:9b97:d049/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1862 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:410669 (410.6 KB) TX bytes:367011 (367.0 KB) enxec1127bf0844 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ec:11:27:bf:08:44 inet addr:192.168.6.1 Bcast:192.168.6.3 Mask:255.255.255.252 inet6 addr: fe80::9bbb:428a:70a0:6cc7/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:479 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:788 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:258714 (258.7 KB) TX bytes:109717 (109.7 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2303 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2303 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:203157 (203.1 KB) TX bytes:203157 (203.1 KB)
ssh
You'll see two new networks have appeared, enxec1127bf0841 and enxec1127bf0844in my case. The IP address of your host is 192.168.7.1. There's a good chance the Bone is at 192.168.7.2. Try connecting to it. THe default password is temppwd.
host$ ssh debian@192.168.7.2 bone$
You are now logged into the Bone through the network. This is much faster than the serial port (.115M vs. 100M) and supports many interesting network operations. The only problem is, the Beagle doesn't know how to access the Internet through the host. Get back to the host computer:
bone$ exit
Set Up Git
We need to run some files that are in the class git repository. We'll learn more about using git later. Here I'll just show you how to get the files. Here we are installing these files on your host computer, later we'll install them on your Beagle.
On my host computer I had to run
host$ apt-get install git
Get the Files
It only takes one command to pull down all the files.
host$ git clone https://github.com/MarkAYoder/BeagleBoard-exercises.git exercises --depth=1
(The whole repo is some 550M. Using --depth=1 you only get the recent history and it only takes 190M.)
This will take a while since it's getting all the course files, including pdf files of the course PowerPoint.
Running ipMasquerade.sh
Now that the files are installed, run:
host$ cd exercises/setup host$ ./ipMasquerade.sh eth0
This will give you instructions on how to set up your host. Note: If you are using a wireless connection you should use
host$ ./ipMasquerade.sh wlan0
Once ./ipMasquerade.sh has been run you can:
host$ ./firstssh.sh
Now you should have network access on the Bone.
bone$ ping -c2 google.com
You should see Google responding.
Congratulations! Your Beagle is now on the network through your host computer.
Troubleshooting
Unknown Host
If you get an unknown host response when attempting to ping google.com, and you are off campus, try pinging the Google DNS by IP address. Run:
bone$ ping 8.8.8.8
If you are on campus, run:
bone$ ping 137.112.5.28
If you now see responses by pinging a specific IP, it is possible that a firewall on your host computer is blocking the Beagle's access to the DNS when attempting to ping by domain name. On Ubuntu/Mint, run:
host$ sudo ufw disable Firewall stopped and disabled on system startup
You should get a response, such as above, that the firewall will be disabled upon next startup. After saving anything important, restart your host through the start menu or run:
host$ reboot
Repeat this exercise and attempt to ping Google by domain name again. If you now receive responses, then the firewall was indeed the issue. Otherwise, the internet is your friend. Use your host computer to try and find a solution. Feel free to add solutions here when you find them
OSX
I haven't checked these instructions this year. Please report your results and update if needed.
- go to System Preferences and select Network
- You should see RNDIS/...Gadget. This is the network connection to the Beagle. Select it
- Wait for the IP address 192.168.7.1 to appear
- Click Show All and select Sharing
- Select Internet Sharing
- Select RNDIS/Ethernet Gadget
In a terminal window connect to the serial port
host$ screen /dev/ttyusb*B 115200 bone$ udhcpc -i usb0 bone$ ping google.com
This is all nicely shown here in this silent YouTube movie.
Congratulations, you now have a connection from your BeagleBone to the Internet.
Windows 7
I haven't checked these either. Please report results and update if needed.
There are several ways of running ssh on Windows 7. Below are a couple of tools that you can use.
Environment Setup
You can either run ssh from a bash terminal (i.e. C:\Program Files\Git\Git Bash or C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat), or you can add the bin directories to your path and run from the Windows command prompt (i.e. add C:\Program Files\Git\bin or C:\cygwin\bin to your path).
Note: Be careful adding multiple bin directories to your path
First time setup
- Run regedit
- Navigate to Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\Tcpip\Parameters
- Change IPEnableRouter from 0 to 1
- Close regedit
- Run services
- Make sure the following are set to Automatic and are started
- Routing and Remote Access
- Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
Connecting to the Internet
After ejecting
- Navigate to Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network and Sharing Center\Change adapter settings
- Right click your wired/wireless internet connection and go to Properties
- Go to the Sharing tab
- Check the box to Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection
- Select your bone's local area connection for the Home networking connection (if you cannot choose the local area connection, turn your internet connection sharing off and then back on)
- Return to Change adapter settings
- Right click your Bone's internet connection and go to Properties
- Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and choose Properties
- Choose Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically
Open a command prompt or bash terminal and run the following:
host$ ping 192.168.7.2
If this ping times out then disable and re-enable your bone's local area connection and try again. Once it works run the following:
host$ ssh root@192.168.7.2
Login as root and run the following:
bone$ echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf bone$ echo "nameserver 8.8.8.4" >> /etc/resolv.conf bone$ /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.7.1 bone$ ping google.com
If 'ping:unknown host google.com' occurs, run this instead:
bone$ echo "nameserver 137.112.4.196" > /etc/resolv.conf bone$ /sbin/route add default gw 192.168.7.1 bone$ ping google.com
Congratulations, you now have a connection from your BeagleBone through your Linux host to the Internet.
Embedded Linux Class by Mark A. Yoder