Difference between revisions of "EBC Exercise 08a Cross-Compiling"

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[[Category:ECE497]]
 
[[Category:ECE497]]
 
[[Category: BeagleBoard]]
 
[[Category: BeagleBoard]]
 +
{{YoderHead}}
  
This class is about developing software for embedded Linux. The [http://elinux.org/Main_Page eLinux site] is a good source for embedded Linux in general. There are many ongoing embedded efforts going on many platforms. Poke around the site a while to get a feel for what's happening.
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This class is about developing software for embedded Linux. So far we have been doing all of our development on the Beagle. This works well for small (and not so small) programs. However, we are now moving into kernel development and that's best done on a more powerful host computer. In [[EBC Exercise 08 Installing Development Tools]] you learned how to download and install the cross-compilers and the source for kernel and u-boot. Now we'll use those tools.
  
We are going to use the [http://www.angstrom-distribution.org Ångström Distribution].  It's available many platforms.  Look around the site, you may recognize some of them.
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== Cross-compiling Hello World ==
 +
This shows how to cross-compile with compiler loaded with
  
== Finding the Kernel to copy it ==
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host$ '''sudo apt-get install -y git lzop gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi uboot-mkimage'''
  
Once your compile has finished, where is uImage? One way to find it is
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Listing 2-4 on page 29 of the text is an embedded version of Hello World. If you've set up your git repository you will find it in '''helloWorld.c''' when you do a''' git pull'''. Compile and run it on your host to be sure it works.
  
<pre>
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host$ '''gcc helloWorld.c'''
$ cd ~/BeagleBoard/oe
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host$ '''file a.out'''
$ find . -name "*uImage*"
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a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV),
</pre>
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  dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24,
You'll find several files with uImage in the name. The one you want is
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  BuildID[sha1]=0x357e34e90f7c32d414368d69cc06d0aed59acf1c, not stripped
 +
host$ '''./a.out'''
 +
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x400524
 +
This address (0x7fff8260bdf8) is in our stack frame
 +
This address (0x601038) is in our bss section
 +
  This address (0x601020) is in our data section
  
<pre>
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Now that you know it's working, let's cross compile it. First set the paths to find the cross-compiler. Put the following in a file, call it '''~/crossCompileEnv.sh'''.
$ cd ~/BeagleBoard/oe/build/tmp-angstrom_2008
 
$ ls
 
</pre>
 
  
Here you'll see several directories here. If you <code>cd work</code> you will find the source code. We are going to go this way.
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  export ARCH=arm
<pre>
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  export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
$ cd deploy/glibc
 
</pre>
 
  
Here you will find some more directories worth exploringWhat do you find in <code>sources</code>? Finally
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Now ''source'' the file and compile again. (Note: you only have to source once per terminal session.)
<pre>
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  host$ '''source ~/crossCompileEnv.sh'''
$ cd images/beagleboard
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  host$ '''${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc helloWorld.c'''
</pre>
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host$ '''file a.out'''
Now you have found uImage. Load away.
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a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV),
 +
  dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.31,
 +
  BuildID[sha1]=0x10182364352b9f3cb15d1aa61395aeede11a52ad, not stripped
  
== Compile via make ==
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The '''file''' command tells what's in the file.  In this case we have an ARM executable.  Success!  Now copy to your Beagle and run
  
When you use bitbake it sets up all the paths to use the correct cross compilers. You can also build the kernel or u-boot by using '''make''' if you set the paths yourself. Here's what you need to do. Put the following in a file, call it ~/BeagleBoard/oe/'''crossCompileEnv.sh'''. Make sure the path is correct for your system.
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  host$ '''scp a.out root@beagle:.'''
<pre>
+
  host$ '''ssh root@beagle ./a.out'''
PATH=~/BeagleBoard/oe/build/tmp-angstrom_2008_1/sysroots/i686-linux/usr/armv7a/bin:$PATH # add cross tools to your path
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Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x8374
export ARCH=arm
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This address (0xbeb32d4c) is in our stack frame
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi-
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  This address (0x10650) is in our bss section
</pre>
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This address (0x10648) is in our data section
Note from Brian: On my machine I had to add ~/BeagleBoard/oe/build/tmp-angstrom_2008_1/sysroots/x86_64-linux/usr/armv7a/bin to $PATH
 
  
Then ''source'' the file and ''cd'' to the kernel directory and try a ''make''.
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The '''scp''' copies a.out to the beagle and the '''ssh''' runs the a.out on the beagle. Notice the addresses are very different from the host version.
<pre>
 
$ source ~/BeagleBoard/oe/crossCompileEnv.sh
 
$ cd ~/BeagleBoard/oe/build/tmp-angstrom_2008_1/work/beagleboard-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/linux-omap-psp-2.6.32-r88+gitra6bad4464f985fdd3bed72e1b82dcbfc004d7869/git
 
$ make xconfig
 
</pre>
 
To make the kernel and u-boot run
 
<pre>
 
$ make uImage
 
$ make u-boot
 
</pre>
 
Where do these put the new uImage?  It's not where bitbake puts them.  Here's how I found them.
 
<pre>
 
$ find . -name uImage
 
</pre>
 
  
If you would prefer to maintain your own kernel source tree outside of OE, see these directions:
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{{YoderFoot}}
[[BeagleBoardLinuxKernel]] Alternatively it is possible to run the official omap branch of the linux kernel.  Take a peek at this page:
 
[[BeagleBoard#Linux_kernel]].
 

Revision as of 18:26, 27 May 2013

thumb‎ Embedded Linux Class by Mark A. Yoder


This class is about developing software for embedded Linux. So far we have been doing all of our development on the Beagle. This works well for small (and not so small) programs. However, we are now moving into kernel development and that's best done on a more powerful host computer. In EBC Exercise 08 Installing Development Tools you learned how to download and install the cross-compilers and the source for kernel and u-boot. Now we'll use those tools.

Cross-compiling Hello World

This shows how to cross-compile with compiler loaded with

host$ sudo apt-get install -y git lzop gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi uboot-mkimage

Listing 2-4 on page 29 of the text is an embedded version of Hello World. If you've set up your git repository you will find it in helloWorld.c when you do a git pull. Compile and run it on your host to be sure it works.

host$ gcc helloWorld.c
host$ file a.out
a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), 
 dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.24, 
 BuildID[sha1]=0x357e34e90f7c32d414368d69cc06d0aed59acf1c, not stripped
host$ ./a.out
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x400524
This address (0x7fff8260bdf8) is in our stack frame
This address (0x601038) is in our bss section
This address (0x601020) is in our data section

Now that you know it's working, let's cross compile it. First set the paths to find the cross-compiler. Put the following in a file, call it ~/crossCompileEnv.sh.

export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-

Now source the file and compile again. (Note: you only have to source once per terminal session.)

host$ source ~/crossCompileEnv.sh
host$ ${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc helloWorld.c
host$ file a.out
a.out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), 
 dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.31, 
 BuildID[sha1]=0x10182364352b9f3cb15d1aa61395aeede11a52ad, not stripped

The file command tells what's in the file. In this case we have an ARM executable. Success! Now copy to your Beagle and run

host$ scp a.out root@beagle:.
host$ ssh root@beagle ./a.out
Hello, World! Main is executing at 0x8374
This address (0xbeb32d4c) is in our stack frame
This address (0x10650) is in our bss section
This address (0x10648) is in our data section

The scp copies a.out to the beagle and the ssh runs the a.out on the beagle. Notice the addresses are very different from the host version.




thumb‎ Embedded Linux Class by Mark A. Yoder