Here are the listing from the Embedded Linux Primer as done on the Beagle.
Chapter 2
| Number
|
Page
|
Caption
|
Listing
|
| 2-1
|
2-6
|
Initial Bootloader Serial Output
|
Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.4.2 (Feb 19 2009 - 12:01:24)
Reading boot sector
Loading u-boot.bin from mmc
U-Boot 2009.11-rc1 (Jan 08 2010 - 21:19:52)
OMAP3530-GP ES3.1, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz
OMAP3 Beagle board + LPDDR/NAND
I2C: ready
DRAM: 256 MB
NAND: 256 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Board revision C4
Die ID #5444000400000000040365fa1400e007
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
|
| 2-2
|
2-7
|
Loading the Linux Kernel
|
|
| 2-3
|
2-9
|
Linux Final Boot Messages
|
|
| 2-4
|
2-21
|
Hello World, Embedded Style
|
#include <stdio.h>
int bss_var; /* Uninitialized global variable */
int data_var = 1; /* Initialized global variable */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
void *stack_var; /* Local variable on the stack */
stack_var = (void *)main; /* Don't let the compiler */
/* optimize it out */
printf("Hello, World! Main is executing at %p\n", stack_var);
printf("This address (%p) is in our stack frame\n", &stack_var);
/* bss section contains uninitialized data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our bss section\n", &bss_var);
/* data section contains initializated data */
printf("This address (%p) is in our data section\n", &data_var);
return 0;
}
|
| 2-5
|
2-22
|
Hello Output for Host Computer
|
|
| 2-5
|
2-22
|
Hello Output for Beagle
|
|
Chapter 4
| Number
|
Page
|
Caption
|
Listing
|
| 4-1
|
4-7
|
Kernel Build Output
|
$ export OETREE="${HOME}/oe"
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/staging/i686-linux/usr/bin/:${PATH}
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/cross/armv7a/bin/:${PATH}
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- uImage
CHK include/linux/version.h
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/linux/utsrelease.h
SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CHK include/linux/compile.h
CC arch/arm/mach-omap2/io.o
CC arch/arm/mach-omap2/devices.o
.
. <lines of output omitted here>
.
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.29-omap1
Created: Tue Mar 9 12:58:27 2010
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2991236 Bytes = 2921.13 kB = 2.85 MB
Load Address: 0x80008000
Entry Point: 0x80008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
|
| 4-2
|
4-9
|
Link Stage: vmlinux
|
|
| 4-3
|
4-15
|
Kernel Subdirectory
|
$ ls -ls arch/arm/plat-omap/ | grep -v \\.o
total 776
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 7933 Mar 9 12:14 Kconfig
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 7799 Mar 9 12:14 Kconfig.backup
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 7799 Mar 8 11:28 Kconfig~
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 824 Mar 8 11:28 Makefile
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 2404 Mar 8 11:18 bootreason.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 15334 Mar 8 11:18 clock.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 8210 Mar 8 11:18 common.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 1593 Mar 8 11:18 component-version.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 4053 Mar 8 11:18 cpu-omap.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 1975 Mar 8 11:18 debug-devices.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 7120 Mar 8 11:18 debug-leds.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 9975 Mar 8 11:18 devices.c
60 -rwxr-xr-x 1 yoder yoder 59827 Mar 8 11:26 dma.c
24 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 20791 Mar 8 11:18 dmtimer.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 9675 Mar 8 11:25 fb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 12815 Mar 8 11:18 gpio-switch.c
48 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 47671 Mar 8 11:18 gpio.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 5841 Mar 8 11:18 i2c.c
4 drwxr-xr-x 3 yoder yoder 4096 Mar 8 11:18 include
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 3749 Mar 8 11:18 io.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 19782 Mar 8 11:28 iommu.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 17214 Mar 8 13:42 iommu.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 1924 Mar 8 13:40 iommu.mod.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 2152 Mar 8 11:28 iopgtable.h
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 19139 Mar 8 11:28 iovmm.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 14686 Mar 8 13:42 iovmm.ko
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 1764 Mar 8 13:40 iovmm.mod.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 12069 Mar 8 11:18 mailbox.c
28 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 26560 Mar 8 11:18 mcbsp.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 2109 Mar 8 11:18 mux.c
4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 2739 Mar 8 11:18 ocpi.c
12 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 10915 Mar 8 11:18 sram.c
20 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 18290 Mar 8 11:18 usb.c
16 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 13911 Mar 8 11:26 vram.c
8 -rw-r--r-- 1 yoder yoder 6426 Mar 8 11:26 vrfb.c
|
| 4-4
|
4-17
|
Snippet from Linux 2.6 .config
|
...
#
# USB Input Devices
#
CONFIG_USB_HID=y
# CONFIG_HID_PID is not set
# CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV is not set
#
# Special HID drivers
#
CONFIG_HID_COMPAT=y
CONFIG_HID_A4TECH=y
CONFIG_HID_APPLE=y
CONFIG_HID_BELKIN=y
CONFIG_HID_CHERRY=y
...
|
| 4-5
|
4-21
|
Linux autoconf.h
|
#define CONFIG_USB_SISUSBVGA_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_PHIDGETMOTORCONTROL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_MUSB_HDRC 1
#define CONFIG_USB_LEGOTOWER_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_IR_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GSPCA_T613_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_TI_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_ETH_RNDIS 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_W9968CF_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_RTL8150 1
#define CONFIG_USB_SERIAL_WHITEHEAT_MODULE 1
#define CONFIG_USB_GADGET_MUSB_HDRC 1
...
|
| 4-6
|
4-22
|
Makefile Targets
|
$ make help
Cleaning targets:
clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
enough build support to build external modules
mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files
Configuration targets:
config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program
xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly
randconfig - New config with random answer to all options
defconfig - New config with default answer to all options
allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible
allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes
allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no
Other generic targets:
all - Build all targets marked with [*]
* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel
* modules - Build all modules
modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
dir/ - Build all files in dir and below
dir/file.[ois] - Build specified target only
dir/file.ko - Build module including final link
prepare - Set up for building external modules
tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors
cscope - Generate cscope index
kernelrelease - Output the release version string
kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile
headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
(default: /home/yoder/oe/angstrom-dev/work/beagleboard-angstrom-linux-gnueabi/linux-omap-2.6.29-r46/git/usr)
Static analysers
checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs
namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage
includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files
export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols
headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers
headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers
Kernel packaging:
rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package
deb-pkg - Build the kernel as an deb package
tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball
Documentation targets:
Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
htmldocs - HTML
installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs
mandocs - man pages
pdfdocs - PDF
psdocs - Postscript
xmldocs - XML DocBook
Architecture specific targets (arm):
* zImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/zImage)
Image - Uncompressed kernel image (arch/arm/boot/Image)
* xipImage - XIP kernel image, if configured (arch/arm/boot/xipImage)
uImage - U-Boot wrapped zImage
bootpImage - Combined zImage and initial RAM disk
(supply initrd image via make variable INITRD=<path>)
install - Install uncompressed kernel
zinstall - Install compressed kernel
Install using (your) ~/bin/installkernel or
(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo
afeb9260_defconfig - Build for afeb9260
am200epdkit_defconfig - Build for am200epdkit
ams_delta_defconfig - Build for ams_delta
assabet_defconfig - Build for assabet
at91cap9adk_defconfig - Build for at91cap9adk
at91rm9200dk_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200dk
at91rm9200ek_defconfig - Build for at91rm9200ek
at91sam9260ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9260ek
at91sam9261ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9261ek
at91sam9263ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9263ek
at91sam9g20ek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9g20ek
at91sam9rlek_defconfig - Build for at91sam9rlek
ateb9200_defconfig - Build for ateb9200
badge4_defconfig - Build for badge4
cam60_defconfig - Build for cam60
carmeva_defconfig - Build for carmeva
cerfcube_defconfig - Build for cerfcube
cm_x300_defconfig - Build for cm_x300
colibri_defconfig - Build for colibri
collie_defconfig - Build for collie
corgi_defconfig - Build for corgi
csb337_defconfig - Build for csb337
csb637_defconfig - Build for csb637
dss_omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for dss_omap3_beagle
dss_omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for dss_omap_3430sdp
dss_overo_defconfig - Build for dss_overo
ebsa110_defconfig - Build for ebsa110
ecbat91_defconfig - Build for ecbat91
edb7211_defconfig - Build for edb7211
ep93xx_defconfig - Build for ep93xx
eseries_pxa_defconfig - Build for eseries_pxa
ezx_defconfig - Build for ezx
footbridge_defconfig - Build for footbridge
fortunet_defconfig - Build for fortunet
h3600_defconfig - Build for h3600
h5000_defconfig - Build for h5000
h7201_defconfig - Build for h7201
h7202_defconfig - Build for h7202
hackkit_defconfig - Build for hackkit
imx27ads_defconfig - Build for imx27ads
integrator_defconfig - Build for integrator
iop13xx_defconfig - Build for iop13xx
iop32x_defconfig - Build for iop32x
iop33x_defconfig - Build for iop33x
ixp2000_defconfig - Build for ixp2000
ixp23xx_defconfig - Build for ixp23xx
ixp4xx_defconfig - Build for ixp4xx
jornada720_defconfig - Build for jornada720
kafa_defconfig - Build for kafa
kb9202_defconfig - Build for kb9202
kirkwood_defconfig - Build for kirkwood
ks8695_defconfig - Build for ks8695
lart_defconfig - Build for lart
littleton_defconfig - Build for littleton
loki_defconfig - Build for loki
lpd270_defconfig - Build for lpd270
lpd7a400_defconfig - Build for lpd7a400
lpd7a404_defconfig - Build for lpd7a404
lubbock_defconfig - Build for lubbock
lusl7200_defconfig - Build for lusl7200
magician_defconfig - Build for magician
mainstone_defconfig - Build for mainstone
msm_defconfig - Build for msm
mv78xx0_defconfig - Build for mv78xx0
mx1ads_defconfig - Build for mx1ads
mx31ads_defconfig - Build for mx31ads
mx31litekit_defconfig - Build for mx31litekit
mx31moboard_defconfig - Build for mx31moboard
mx31pdk_defconfig - Build for mx31pdk
n770_defconfig - Build for n770
n800_defconfig - Build for n800
neocore926_defconfig - Build for neocore926
neponset_defconfig - Build for neponset
netwinder_defconfig - Build for netwinder
netx_defconfig - Build for netx
ns9xxx_defconfig - Build for ns9xxx
omap2_evm_defconfig - Build for omap2_evm
omap3_beagle_defconfig - Build for omap3_beagle
omap3_evm_defconfig - Build for omap3_evm
omap3_pandora_defconfig - Build for omap3_pandora
omap_2430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_2430sdp
omap_3430sdp_defconfig - Build for omap_3430sdp
omap_apollon_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_apollon_2420
omap_generic_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1510
omap_generic_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1610
omap_generic_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_1710
omap_generic_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_generic_2420
omap_h2_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_h2_1610
omap_h3_1710_defconfig - Build for omap_h3_1710
omap_h4_2420_defconfig - Build for omap_h4_2420
omap_innovator_1510_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1510
omap_innovator_1610_defconfig - Build for omap_innovator_1610
omap_ldp_defconfig - Build for omap_ldp
omap_osk_5912_defconfig - Build for omap_osk_5912
omap_perseus2_730_defconfig - Build for omap_perseus2_730
onearm_defconfig - Build for onearm
orion5x_defconfig - Build for orion5x
overo_defconfig - Build for overo
palmte_defconfig - Build for palmte
palmtt_defconfig - Build for palmtt
palmz71_defconfig - Build for palmz71
palmz72_defconfig - Build for palmz72
pcm027_defconfig - Build for pcm027
pcm037_defconfig - Build for pcm037
pcm038_defconfig - Build for pcm038
picotux200_defconfig - Build for picotux200
pleb_defconfig - Build for pleb
pnx4008_defconfig - Build for pnx4008
pxa255-idp_defconfig - Build for pxa255-idp
qil-a9260_defconfig - Build for qil-a9260
realview-smp_defconfig - Build for realview-smp
realview_defconfig - Build for realview
rpc_defconfig - Build for rpc
rx51_defconfig - Build for rx51
s3c2410_defconfig - Build for s3c2410
s3c6400_defconfig - Build for s3c6400
sam9_l9260_defconfig - Build for sam9_l9260
shannon_defconfig - Build for shannon
shark_defconfig - Build for shark
simpad_defconfig - Build for simpad
spitz_defconfig - Build for spitz
sx1_defconfig - Build for sx1
tct_hammer_defconfig - Build for tct_hammer
trizeps4_defconfig - Build for trizeps4
usb-a9260_defconfig - Build for usb-a9260
usb-a9263_defconfig - Build for usb-a9263
versatile_defconfig - Build for versatile
viper_defconfig - Build for viper
w90p910_defconfig - Build for w90p910
xm_x2xx_defconfig - Build for xm_x2xx
yl9200_defconfig - Build for yl9200
zylonite_defconfig - Build for zylonite
make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK
Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]
For further info see the ./README file
|
| 4-7
|
4-27
|
Partial Listing of Kconfig for ARM Architecture
|
...
|
| 4-8
|
4-30
|
Snippet from .../arch/arm/Kconfig
|
...
source "init/Kconfig"
source "kernel/Kconfig.freezer"
menu "System Type"
choice
prompt "ARM system type"
default ARCH_VERSATILE
config ARCH_AAEC2000
bool "Agilent AAEC-2000 based"
select CPU_ARM920T
select ARM_AMBA
select HAVE_CLK
help
This enables support for systems based on the Agilent AAEC-2000
config ARCH_INTEGRATOR
bool "ARM Ltd. Integrator family"
...
source "arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig"
|
| 4-9
|
4-30
|
Snippet from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/Kconfig
|
if ARCH_OMAP
menu "TI OMAP Implementations"
config ARCH_OMAP_OTG
bool
choice
prompt "OMAP System Type"
default ARCH_OMAP1
config ARCH_OMAP1
bool "TI OMAP1"
config ARCH_OMAP2
bool "TI OMAP2"
select CPU_V6
config ARCH_OMAP3
bool "TI OMAP3"
select CPU_V7
endchoice
...
config OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH
bool "GPIO switch support"
default n
help
Say Y, if you want to have support for reporting of GPIO
switches (e.g. cover switches) via sysfs. Your bootloader has
to provide information about the switches to the kernel via the
ATAG_BOARD mechanism if they're not defined by the board config.
|
| 4-10
|
4-32
|
Customized .config File Snippet
|
#
# OMAP Feature Selections
#
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_POWERDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_CLOCKDOMAIN is not set
# CONFIG_OMAP_SMARTREFLEX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_RESET_CLOCKS=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_TAG=y
CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH=y
CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH2=y
# CONFIG_OMAP_MUX is not set
CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP=y
|
| 4-11
|
4-33
|
Makefile from .../arch/arm/plat-omap/ Kernel Subdirectory
|
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#
# Common support
obj-y := common.o sram.o clock.o devices.o dma.o mux.o gpio.o \
usb.o fb.o vram.o vrfb.o io.o
obj-m :=
obj-n :=
obj- :=
# OCPI interconnect support for 1710, 1610 and 5912
obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_OMAP16XX) += ocpi.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MCBSP) += mcbsp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_IOMMU) += iommu.o iovmm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) += cpu-omap.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DM_TIMER) += dmtimer.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_BOOT_REASON) += bootreason.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_COMPONENT_VERSION) += component-version.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_GPIO_SWITCH) += gpio-switch.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_DEVICES) += debug-devices.o
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_DEBUG_LEDS) += debug-leds.o
i2c-omap-$(CONFIG_I2C_OMAP) := i2c.o
obj-y += $(i2c-omap-m) $(i2c-omap-y)
# OMAP mailbox framework
obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP_MBOX_FWK) += mailbox.o
|
Chapter 5
| Number
|
Page
|
Caption
|
Listing
|
| 5-1
|
5-2
|
Final Kernel Build Sequence: ARM/BeagleBoard
|
$ export OETREE="${HOME}/oe"
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/staging/i686-linux/usr/bin/:${PATH}
$ PATH=${OETREE}/angstrom-dev/cross/armv7a/bin/:${PATH}
$ make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-angstrom-linux-gnueabi- uImage
... < many build steps omitted for clarity >
LD vmlinux
SYSMAP System.map
SYSMAP .tmp_System.map
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
GZIP arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
AS arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
LD arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
UIMAGE arch/arm/boot/uImage
Image Name: Linux-2.6.29-omap1
Created: Tue Mar 9 12:58:27 2010
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2991236 Bytes = 2921.13 kB = 2.85 MB
Load Address: 0x80008000
Entry Point: 0x80008000
Image arch/arm/boot/uImage is ready
|
| 5-2
|
5-5
|
Assembly File .../arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.S
|
.section .piggydata,#alloc
.globl input_data
input_data:
.incbin "arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz"
.globl input_data_end
input_data_end:
|
| 5-1
|
5-2
|
Final Kernel Build Sequence: ARM/BeagleBoard
|
|
